自考英语词汇学00832
Chapter1
【单词的角度】1.In visual terms: word is a meaningful group of letters printed or written horizontally in the peace of paper.
2.In spoken language: word is a sound and combination of sound.
3.In manticists: a word is a unit of meaning .
4.In grammarians: a word be a free form that can function in the ntences.
【单词的定义】A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.
1)a minimal free from of a language;
2)a sound unity;
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3)a unit of meaning;
4)a form that can function alone in a ntence.
【音和义的关系】The connection of the sound and meaning is arbitrary and conventional, and \ * there is no. logical reJationshjp between sound and meaning. E.g woman-femme-funu
pbskids【音和形不同的原因】Sound and form
More phonemes than letters in English.
Pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling.
Some of the differences are created by the early. scribes.识［记 u二o\ .deliberately changed'not ended/n,v'+e)(printing&dictionary 选择题).
Borrowing.
【词汇的定义】Vocabulary not only can it refer to a total number of words in a language, but it can stand for all the words u in a particular historical period.(1,000,000)
Vocabulary is the most unstable element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content.填空题
安娜与国王主题曲【词汇的分类】①U frequently----
basic word stock：is the foundation of the vocabulary accumulated for centuries and forms the common core of language.
l.all national character 2. stability 3.productivity 4.llocability 选择题多/记例子 *)
nonbasic vocabulary：
ko是什么意思(1. terminology consist of technical terms ud in particular disciplines and academic areas. E.g photoscanning.
(2. jargon refers to specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts,science,trades and professions communicate among themlves. E.g hypo.
(3. slang : belongs to the sub-standard language. (colourful,blunt,impressive,expressive)e.g bear.
(4. argot:jargon of criminals. E.g dip.
(5. dialectal words: ud only by speakers of the dialect in question. E.g coo(cow)
(6. archaisms: were once in common u but are now restricted only to specialized or limited u
(7. neologismsi wish>剑桥商务英语教材:are newly-created words or expression ,or words that have taken on new meanings. E.g E-mail.
*(选择题)All national character: natural phenomena/names of plant and animal/human body and relations/action,domain,size,state/num,pron,conj,prep)
②Notion (多为选择题)
content words =notional words (n/v/a/adj/num)： denotes clear notions and thus are known as notional words.
functional words =empty words =form words (prep/conj/aux/art/人称代词)数量小且稳定
③Origin--- native words('Anglo-Saxon words 5 万-6 万’)
[5+utral in style.(neither formal nor informal) E.g begin
7.frequent in u
borrowed words=loan words =borrowing : words taken over from foreign language.
(1. denizens： words borrowed early in the past and well assimilated into the English language.E.g cup-cuppa./2 aliens :are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling. E.g kowtow./ 3.translation-loans :words and expression formed from the existing material in the English language and modelled on the patterns fr
om foreign language. E.g long time no e/ 4.mantic-loans : are not borrowed with references to the form,but their meanings are borrowed. E.g dream)
Charter2
【词汇时期分类】Indo-European family (副词比较级Europe+the Near East+India选择题)
因An eastern t (BIAA) [in B with PPBLCRS] [in I with PBHR] 二/^选择题多
因An western t (CIHG) [in G with NLDS.北欧语言.scandination+GDFE]
leveled endings
Middle English /1150-1500/Modern English /1500-1700-now/ synthetic language to analytic language
(
0 现代英语发展来源 l.the rapid development of modern sciences and technology. 2. social,economic and political changes.3.influence of other cultures and language.
hamada
这两货容易混淆!简答题
0 现代英语发展模式:1 creation: refers to the formation of new words by using the existing materials, namely roots,affixes and other elements. 2 mantic change : means an old form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need.3 borrowing 主要贡献语言 e,l,G,f,s).4.reviving archaic or obsolete words.常考
Chapter 3
【词素】 Morphemesheyang: is the smallest functional unit in the composition of words.
E.g. Denationalization .can. broken, into de-,nation,-al,-ize,-ation,each having meaning of its own,the fragments can’t be further divided,otherwi they would not make any n.
