词汇学词汇学
Chapter 1 Language, Linguistics and Lexicology
1-1-1Introductory Remarks/1
1-1-2A Definition of Language/1
1-1-3Language, Society and Thought/2
1-2-1 A Definition of Linguistics /5
1-2-2 The scope of Linguistics/5 1-3-1 What is a Lexicology /6
1-3-2 Aims and significance of the Cour of English Lexicology/6
1-3-3 The Connection of Lexicology with other branches of Linguistics/7 1-3-4 Two Approaches to the study of English Lexicology/8 a) Synchronic b) diachronic
Chapter 2 The Sources of the English V Chapter 2 The Sources of the English Vocabulary ocabulary
2-1-1 what is Etymology?/13
2-1-2 the English People and the English Language/14
2-1-3 The Position and Character of the English Language in the Indo-European
Family/14
2-1-4 The Divisions of the History of the English Language/15
The history of the English language is divided into three periods. a) 450——1150 Old English
b) 1150——1500 Middle English
c) 1500——preaent Modern English
2-1-5 Some Characteristics of Old English/15六年级下册英语翻译
a) There are two class of languages in the world: synthetic and analytic b) Old English is a synthetic language
2-1-6 Some Characteristics of Middle English/20
2-1-7 Some Characteristics of Modern English23
2-1-8 Etymological Twins in English/30 2-1-9 Some Combining Forms Ud in Modern English/32
2-2-1 Words of Native Origin/39
2-2-2 Borrowed Words in the English V 2-2-2 Borrowed Words in the English Vocabulary/41 ocabulary/41
The English vocabulary can be divided into two groups according to origin:
Native words and borrowed words. 2-3-1 The Foreign Elements in the English V 2-3-1 The Foreign Elements in the English Vocabulary/44 ocabulary/44
Four groups of loan-words: 1) aliens; 2) denizens; 3) translation-loans;
4) Semantic borrowings.
2-3-2 The Scandinavian Element in the English V 2-3-2 The Scandinavian Element in the English Vocabulary/44 ocabulary/44
Most of the Scandinavian borrowings belong to the colloquial language. 2-3-3 The French Element in the English V 2-3-3 The French Element in the English Vocabulary/46 ocabulary/46
2-3-4 The Latin Element in the English V 2-3-4 The Latin Element in the English Vocabulary/49 ocabulary/49
2-3-5 The Greek Element in the English V Element in the English Vocabulary/52ocabulary/52
2-3-6 The influence of the Classical Elements upon the English V 2-3-6 The influence of the Classical Elements upon the English Vocabulary/53 ocabulary/53 2-3-7 Other Foreign Elements in the English V 2-3-7 Other Foreign Elements in the English Vocabulary/55 ocabulary/55
2-3-8 The Interrelation between the Native and Foreign Elements in the English
V ocabulary/57
2-3-9The Linguistic and Historical Origins of Some Common English Words/58 Chapter 3 Word Meaning and Semantic Relations
3-1-1 Some General Remarks on Semantic and Meaning/67
3-1-2 The Relationship Between Meaning and the Object/70
3-2-1 what is a word?/71
3-2-2 Meaning and Motivation/72
Motivation can occur in three ways.
1) Phonetic motivation; 2) grammatical
motivation;
3) Motivation by meaning. 3-3-1 Classifications of Words/73
3-3-2 Main Types of Word Meaning/76
Main types of word meaning. 1) grammatical meaning; 2) lexical meaning 3) contextual meaning 4) denotative meaning
5) connotative meaning 6) stylistic meaning
3-3-3 Word Meaning and Context/80
There are two types of context: linguistic and non- linguistic.
四六级机考
1) Linguistic context refers to lexical and grammatical context. 2) Non-linguistic context refers to context of situation, culture and style.
3-4-1 Synonyms/83
3-4-2 Antonyms/89
There are two types of antonyms: 1) morphological classification a) root antonyms b) derivative antonyms 2) mantic classification
a) contraries
b) complementaries
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c) conversives
3-4-3 Polymy and Homonymy/93
1) two main process of lf-shift a) radiation
b) concatenation
2) the classification of homonyms
a) perfect homonyms b) partial homonyms 3) three ways of forming homonyms
a) Converging sound-development b) diverging n-development c) foreign influence
3-4-4 Homonymy/100
qq英文网名带翻译Homonymy is a term ud to refer to two or more words which have the same form, but differ in meaning.
Chapter 4 The Changing English V Chapter 4 The Changing English Vocabulary ocabulary
4-1-1 The Constant Change in Language and the Continuous Appearance of
Neologisms/103
4-1-2 The Definition of Neologisms or New Words/104
4-1-3 The Rate of Changes of the English V 4-1-3 The Rate of Changes of the English Vocabulary/106 ocabulary/106
relation
1) The English vocabulary changes with the development of society
2) The rate vocabulary change varies from age to age.
4-1-4The Sources of New Words/106
4-1-5 The Formation of Neologisms/126
1) By word-formation
2) By adding new meaning to existing words 3) By borrowing words from other language.
4) By analogy
5) By creating completely new coinages.
4-2-1 Archaisms/137 4-3-1 Changes in Meaning/141
Changes of meaning can be brought about by many reasons. 1) Historical caus 2) Social caus 3) Psychological caus
4) Linguistic caus
4-3-2 Four Tendencies in Semantic Changes/143
Four tendencies in mantic changes 1) Extension of meaning(generalization)
2) Narrowing of meaning(specialization)
3) Elevation of meaning(amelioration)
4) Degradation of meaning(deterioration)
u Change in the denotative component of the lexical meaning may result in the extension of meaning and the narrowing of meaning.
u Change in the connotative component may bring about the elevation of meaning and the degradation of meaning
4-3-3 Semantic Changes from the Literal U of words to Their Figurative U/152 Chapter 5 Word-formation in English
5-1-1 Introduction/168
5-1-2 Morphological Structure of words/168
5-1-3 Two Types of Morphemes/169
1) According to their character: free form ; bound form
2) According to their lexical and grammatical relationships: lexical
morphemes ; grammatical morphemes.
5-1-4 Three Types of Words/170
1) Simple words
2) Compound words
3) Complex words
5-1-5 Root, Ba, Stem/171
5-2-1 The main Process of English Word-formation/177
There are four types of world- formation in English.
1) prefixation;
2) suffixation 3) conversion
4) compounding
5-2-2 The minor Process of English Word-formation/259
1) clipping or shorten
2) acronyms
3) blending 4) back-formation
5) forming new words by analogy
6) onomatopoeia
Chapter6 English Idioms
6-1-1 Introduction/273
6-1-2 The Definition of Idioms/273
Idiom: an idiom is an element of a language that posss a unique way of expression bad on its time-honored u.
6-1-3 The significance of Studying English/273
6-1-4 The Features of English Idioms/275
1) English Idioms can be very short or rather long
2) English Idioms take different structures
3) The Idioms which cannot be changed at all are called fixed idioms
4) An English idiom has a special meaning
6-1-5 English Idioms in different Styles/279
6-1-6 The difference Between Idiomatic and Free Phras/281
6-2-1Classifications of English Idioms/282
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There are five groups of idioms in English .
6-2-2 Some Uful Language Areas of Idioms/301
There are 15 uful language areas of idioms.
Chapter 7 English Collocations
7-1-1 Introduction/320
7-1-2 what is a Collocation?/320
在职研究生论文7-1-3 The Importance of Learning English Collocations/321
7-2-1 Classifications of English Collocations/324
7-2-2 Register Ud in English Collocations/341
7-3-1 Some Commonest Words Ud in English Collocations/342
7-4-1 Different Subjects of English Collocations/347bbc中文
7-4-2 Families/348
7-4-3 Hous, Flats and Rooms/350
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7-4-4 Food and Drinks/357
7-4-5 Study and Learning/358
7-4-6 Fitness and Illness/359
7-4-7 Job and Work/361
7-4-8 Computers/366
7-4-9 Sport/368
7-4-10 Time/372
Chapter 8 British and American English
8-2-1 Differences Between British English and American English/381
Chapter 9 English Dictionaries
9-1-2 Characteristics of Dictionaries /412
There are four fundamental features of Dictionaries.
1) Dictionaries are reference books, to be exact, the reference source in print
or electronic formdestiny是什么意思
2) Dictionaries are compiled according to the nature of the vocabulary
3) The chief units of compiling dictionaries are entries, that is, words,
including morphemes (affixes), and combining forms.
4) Word-entries in any dictionary are arranged in alphabetical order.
9-2-1 Types of Dictionaries/413
