在马克思墓前的讲话（英文原文）
在马克思墓前的讲话（英文原文）汽车美容装潢>1636
On the 14thof March,at a quart er to thre e in the a fternoon,the greate st livingthinker ce ad to th ink. He ha d been lef t alone fo r scarcely two minut es, and wh en we came back we f ound him i n his armc hair, peac efully gon e to sleep-but forev er. An imm easurableloss has b een sustai ned both b y the mili tant prole tariat ofEurope and America,and by his torical sc ience, inthe deathof this ma n. The gap that hasbeen leftby the dep arture ofthis might y spirit w ill soon e nough make itlf fe lt. Just a s Darwin d iscoveredthe law of developme nt of orga nic nature, so Marxdiscovered the law o f developm ent of hum an history: the simp le fact, h itherto co ncealed by an overgr owth of id eology, th at mankind must firs t of all e at, drink, have shel ter and cl othing, be fore it ca nstrict怎么读
pursue p olitics, s cience, ar t, religio n, etc.; t hat theref ore the pr oduction o f the imme diate mate rial means of subsis tence andconquent ly the deg ree of eco nomic deve lopment at tained bya given pe ople or du ring a giv en epoch f orm the
fo undation u pon whichthe stateinstitutio ns, the le gal concep tions, art, and even the ideas on religi on, of the people co ncerned ha ve been ev olved, and in the li ght of whi ch they mu st, theref ore, be
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ex plained, i nstead ofvice versa, as had h itherto be en the cas e. But tha t is not a ll. Marx a lso discov ered
the s pecial law of motion governing the prese nt-day cap italist mo de of prod uction and the bourg eois socie ty that th is mode of productio n has crea ted. The d iscovery o f surplusvalue sudd enly threw light onthe proble m, in tryi ng to solv e which al l previous investiga tions, ofboth bourg eois econo mists andsocialistcritics, h ad been gr oping in t he dark. T wo such新东方留学中介
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di scoverieswould be e nough forone lifeti me. Happythe man to whom it i s grantedto make ev en one suc h discover y. But inevery sing le field w hich Marxinvestigat ed -- andhe investi gated very many fiel ds, none o f them sup erficially-- in eve ry field,even in th at of math ematics, h e made ind ependent d iscoveries. Such was the man o f science.But thiswas not ev en half th e man. Sci ence was f or Marx ahistorical ly dynamic, revoluti onary forc e. However great the joy withwhich he w eled a new discovery in some t heoretical science w ho pract ical appli cation
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per haps it wa s as yet q uite impos sible to e nvisage, h e experien ced quiteanother ki nd of joywhen
the d iscovery i nvolved im mediate re volutionar y changesin industr y and in h istoricaldevelopmen t
in gener al. For ex ample, hefollowed c loly the developme nt of thediscoverie s made inthe fieldof electri city and r ecently th o of Mar cel Deprez. For Marx was befor e all else a revolut ionist. Hi s real mis sion in li fe was tocontribute, in one w ay or anot her, to th e overthro w of capit alist soci ety and of the state instituti ons whichit had bro ught intobeing, tocontribute to the
li beration o f the mode rn proleta riat, whic h he was t he first t o make con scious ofits own po sition and its needs, consciou s of the c onditionsof its ema ncipation. Fightingwas his el ement. And he fought with a pa ssion, a t enacity an d a succes s such asfew couldrival. His work on t he first R heinischeZeitung (1842), theParis Vorw?rts! (1844), Br?sse ler Deutsc he Zeitung (1847), t he Neue Rh einische Z eitung (1848-49), th e New York Tribune (1852-61),and in add ition to t he a hos t of milit ant pamphl ets, workin organis ations inParis, Bru sls andLondon, an d finally, crowningall, the f ormation o f the grea t
Internat ional Work ing Men'sAssociatio n -- thiswas indeed an achiev ement of w hich its f ounder mig ht well ha ve been pr oud叶切断术
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even i f he had d one nothin g el. An d, conqu ently, Mar x was thebest-hated and mostcalumniate d man of h is
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time. G overnments, both abs olutist an d republic an, deport ed him fro m their te rritories.Bourgeois, whetherconrvati ve or ultr a-democrat ic, vied w ith one an other in h eaping sla nders upon him. Allthis he br ushed asid e as thoug h it werecobweb, ig noring it,answering only when extreme n ecessity p elled him. And he di ed beloved, reveredand mourne d by milli ons of
rev olutionary fellow-wo rkers -- f rom the mi nes of Sib eria to Ca lifornia,in all par ts of Euro pe and Ame rica -- an d I make b old to say that thou gh he mayhave had m any oppone nts he had hardly on e personal enemy. Hi s name wil l endure t hrough the ages, and so also w ill his wo rk!
