1.3 Control Engineering and Technology
1.3.1 Some Advances in Technology
Control engineering is driven by available technology and the pace of the relevant technology advances is now rapid . In this ction we mention a few of the advances in technology that currently have ,or will have ,an impact on control engineering . More specific details can be found in the Notes and References at the end of this chapter.
1.3 控制工程和技术
1.3.1 一些技术上的进步
控制工程是由可用的技术和相关技术快速进步的步伐所推动的。在本节中,我们提到的一些目前拥有或将要拥有的技术进步以及它在控制工程上的影响。更具体的细节可以在本章末尾的注释和参考中被找到。
note n. 注释，说明；[金融] 票据
reference n. [图情] 参考文献；参照；推荐信
Integrated and Intelligent Sensors
Over the past decade the technology of integrated nsors has been developed . Integrated nsors are built using the techniques of microfabrication originally developed for integrated circuits ; they often include the signal conditioning and interface circuitry on the same chip, in which ca they are called intelligent nsors. This signal conditioning might include, for example, temperature compensation. Integrated nsors promi greater reliability and linearity than many conventional nsors, and becau they are typically cheaper and smaller than conventional nsors, it will be possible to incorporate many more nsors in the design of control systems than is currently done.
集成智能传感器
在过去的十年中集成传感器的技术已经得到了发展。集传感器是使用最初为集成电路而开发的精密加工技术建成的；他们通常在同一芯片上包括信号调节和接口电路，在这种情况
下它们叫智能传感器。这个信号处理可能包括，例如，温度补偿。集成传感器比许多传统传感器有更大的可靠性和线性度，并且由于他们通常比传统传感器更便宜更小，相比目前的设计将有可能在控制系统的设计中合并更多的传感器。
microfabrication n. 精密加工；微织造；微型品制造stop的过去式
integrated circuits n. 集成电路
compensation n. 补偿；报酬；赔偿金
conditioning n. 调节；条件作用；整修；训练，健身训练
signal conditioning n. 信号调节；[通信] 信号波形加工
interface circuitry主谓一致 n. 接口电路 SD卡接口电路 接口电路的
typically adv. 代表性地；作为特色地
incorporate vt. 什么是email包含，吸收；体现；把……合并
Another example of a new nsor technology is the Global Positioning System(GPS). GPS position and velocity nsors will soon be available for u in control systems. koh i noor
一个新传感器技术的另一个例子是全球定位系统GPS。GPS的位置和速度传感器将很快在控制系统中得到应用。
velocity n. 【物】速度
Actuator Technology
Significant improvements in actuator technology have been made . For example , direct-drive brushless DC motors are more linear and have higher bandwidths than the motors with brushes and gears (and stiction and backlash) that they will replace . As another example, the trend in aircraft design is towards many actuators , such as canards and vectored thrust propulsion systems.
驱动器技术
驱动器技术已取得重大改进。例如,直接传动无刷直流电机比它们将取代的有刷和齿轮（和静摩擦和间隙）的电动机有更好的线性和更高的带宽。另一个例子,航空器的设计趋势是朝着多驱动器的方向,如翼和矢量推力推进系统。
brushless adj. 无刷，无刷的
bandwidth n. [电子][物] 带宽；[通信] 频带宽度
gears n. [机] 齿轮，[中译英翻译公司机] 传动装置
stiction n. 静摩擦；[力] 静态阻力；粘滞作用
backlash n. envision法反冲；强烈抵制;间隙,齿侧间隙,侧隙
Canards n.舵，翼
Vector n. 矢量；带菌者；航线
thrust n. [力] 推力；刺
propulsion n. 推进；推进力
Digital Control Processors
Over the last few decades ,the increa in control processor power and simultaneous decrea in cost has been phenomenal ,especially for digital processors such as general purpo microprocessors, digital signal processors ,and special- purpo control processors. As a result, the complexity of control laws that can be implemented has incread dramatically. In the future, custom or micustom chips designed specifically for control processor applications will offer even more processing power.
数字控制处理器
在过去几十年中，控制处理器能力的提升和成本的降低已经非常显著，尤其是对于数字处理器，如通用微处理器，数字信号处理器，和特殊用途的控制处理器。因此，可以实现的控制律的复杂性急剧增加。在未来，专门为控制处理器应用程序设计的定制或半定制的芯片将提供更多的处理能力。
Simultaneous：adj 同时的; 同时发生的，同时存在的; 联立的;
control law :控制律（飞行控制系统形成控制指令的算法，描述了受控状态变量与系统输入信号之间的函数关系。它表征飞行控制系统的数学模型。对飞行控制系统，控制率与系统的工作模态有关，一种工作模态对应一个控制律。)；
Dramatically：adj, 戏剧性的；
Semicustom: adj, 半定制的；
Computer-Aided Control System Design and Analysis
Over the past decade we have en the ri of computer-aided control system design(CACSD). Great advances in available computing power( e.g., the engineering workstation), together with powerful software, have automated or ead many of the tasks of control engineering.
计算机辅助控制系统设计与分析
在过去的十年中，我们已经看到了计算机辅助控制系统设计（CACSD）的崛起。可用的计算能力（例如，工程工作站），连同强大的软件，都有很大的进步，已经实现自动化或减轻了许多控制工程的任务。
[1]engineering workstation:工程工作站；
小学二年级数学口算题
[2]automated: adj. 自动化的;
Modeling. Sophisticated programs can generate finite element models or determine the kinematics and dynamics of a mechanical system from its physical description.Software that implements complex identification algorithms can process large amounts of experimental data to form models .Interactive and graphics driven software can be ud to manipulate models and build models of large systems from models of subsystems
建模 复杂的程序可以生成有限元模型或者从物理描述上决定机械系统的运动学和动力学。这个实现复杂识别算法的软件可以处理大量从模型中形成的实验数据。交互和图形驱动的软件可以用来操纵模型和通过子系统的模型来构建大型系统的模型。
sophisticated 复杂的，精致的；
Finite element [数]有限元；
kinematics and dynamics 运动学和动力学；
identification algorithms识别算法filon 辨识算法；
Implements [机] 工具，用具；
Simulation . Complex models can be rapidly simulated
仿真 复杂模型可以被快速仿真
Controller design. Enormous computing power is now available for the design of controllers .This last obrvation is of fundamental importance for this book 真爱至上 下载
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