介词讲解及练习
一、单项选择介词
1.This was returned becau the person ________ this letter was addresd had died three years ago.
A.to whom B.to which
C.which D.whom
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查介词+关系代词。句意:这封信被退回来是因为收信人三年前去世了。分析句子可知,the person为先行词,在后面的定语从句中,作介词的宾语,而定语从句中涉及be address to sb“给……写信”。所以介词为to。故A选项正确。
【点睛】
定语从句中关系词的选择可考虑以下三点:
(1) 一看先行词的意义,即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom,指人时通常不用which等)。
(2) 二看关系词的句法功能,即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分,是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用who,有时也用which;作状语要用when, where, why);
(3) 三看定语从句的种类,即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句)。
分析本句可知,the person为先行词,在后面的定语从句中,作作介词的宾语。而定语从句中涉及be address to sb “给...写信”。所以介词为to。故A选项正确。
2.________ the cultural differences, the film’s advertising materials should have explain
ballbustinged, in brief the moral behind Ne Zha’s story to make it more appealing to foreign audiences.
A.Considered B.Suppod C.Given D.Supposing芮成钢奥巴马
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查熟词生义。句意:鉴于文化的不同,哪吒的广告宣传语应该介绍一下哪吒这个电影的寓意。A. Considered经过深思熟虑的,属于形容词;B. Suppod猜测的,属于形容词;C. Given考虑到,鉴于,属于介词;D. Supposing假定,设想,属于连词。结合句意及句子结构可知,此处用介词“鉴于”符合语境。故选C项。
3.A great man shows his greatness _____ the way he treats little man.
A.under B.with C.on D.by
【答案】D
【解析】
考查介词的用法。“借助某种方法和手段”常用“by ”; 而"with" 强调使用工具,常与 with this method 搭配。
4.Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients ________ name, not ca number.
A.of B.as C.by D.with
【答案】C
coal
【解析】
考查介词辨析。句意“现在,有的医院直接登记患者的名字,而不是病号。”by name“以名字”。故选C。高二英语听力
5.Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and a?
A.about B.to
C.with D.over
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查介词辨析。句意:你是否有听说过树是陆上动物和海上动物的家?home to sth 固定搭配,表示……家园。该句是一个疑问句,其中还含有一个定语从句。比如这个句子转化为陈述句应该是You have ever heard of the trees that are homes _______animals both on land and a? 然后把定语从句单独拿出来看将会是trees are homes_____ animals both on land and a. 根据固定搭配自然知道答案是to。故选B。
【点睛】
本题考查到了分析句子成分的能力。当遇到一个句子比较复杂的时候,比如含有从句或疑问句时,要划分句子成分。对于疑问句,首先把它转化为陈述句,然后找出句子的主谓宾,把那一些修饰成分去掉,最后就可以知道该题考查的是be home to sth.
6.An agreement ems to be impossible becau the majority of the committee members are ________it.
A.against B.for
C.to D.with
【答案】A
【解析】
考查介词。be against反对,符合句意。be for支持,赞成;be to到达;be with和……在一起,都与句意不符。
7.(2015•湖北) This meeting room is a non-smoking area. I would like to warn you _____
maintain翻译______ that if you smoked here you would be fined.
A.in advance B.in detail
C.in total D.in general
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析:句意:这个会议室是无烟区域。我想提前警告你:如果你在这里吸烟,会被罚款。A项“提前”;B项“详细地”;C项“总共,总计”;D项“大体上,笼统地”。故选A项。
服装颜色搭配的技巧
考点:介词短语辨析
【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析介词短语的能力。题干中的关键词“if you smoked here you would be fined”这一虚拟语气表示这是假设的情况,因此是在“提前”警告某人。另外,考生应注意积累“in+n.(+of)”这一常考搭配。
8.(天津卷)The dictionary is ______: many words have been added to the language since it was published.
A.out of control B.out of dateprofiled
C.out of sight D.out of reach
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查介词短语。句意:这本字典过时了。自从它被出版以来,很多单词被添加到这种语言中。
A. out of control失去控制;B. out of date过时的;C. out of sight看不见的;D. out of reach够不着的。根据句意,故选B。
【点睛】
介词短语的考查通常是一些易混的相似的介词短语,这题的介词短语都是out of+名词搭配,但是意思都是大相径庭,学生在平时要注意积累这些相似短语的搭配和含义,做题时结合具体的语境代入各个选项确定答案。由many words have been added to the language since it was published.可以确定是“过时的”。
9.Before leaving the hou, an expression of thanks to the host would be ________.
A.in preparation B.in place
C.in posssion D.in particular
【答案】Bsubdivide
【解析】
【详解】
考查词组。A. in preparation在准备中;B. in place适当的;C. in posssion占有,持有; D. in particular尤其,特别。句意:在离开家之前,要向主人表达感谢。结合句意可
知答案为B。
10.We have already discusd this plan _____, so next we should spare no effort to carry it out.
A.at length B.at random C.at ea D.at best
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意:我们已经详细的讨论了这个计划,所以下面我们会竭尽全力的把它完成。A. at length详细地,具体地;B. at random随便地,任意地;C. at ea自由自在地;D. at best最多。故A选项正确。
11.China successfully launched a spacecraft on the far side of the moon, which, _____ misunderstanding, is not always dark.
foxy怎么用
A.similar to B.familiar to
C.contrary to D.superior to
【答案】C
【解析】
枇杷的英文【详解】
考查形容词。A. similar to与------相似; B. familiar to某事为某人熟知; C. contrary to与------相反; D. superior to比------优越。句意:中国成功地在月球的远端发射了一艘宇宙飞船,这与误解相反,月球远端并不总是黑暗的。结合句意可知答案为C。
12.Before lecting the curtain for your newly-decorated hou,it’s important to know what colors look great _______ the wall paper.
A.on B.with C.against D.in
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析:句意:在为你的新家挑选窗帘的时候,知道什么颜色衬墙纸好看很重要。这里用against“反对,映衬着,逆着”,On“在…上面”,with“和…一起,带着”,in是“在…里面”,所以选C。
考点:考查介词辨析
13.— When did you last hear ______ Jay?
— He phoned me this morning, and we agreed ______ a time and place to meet.