proceed什么意思Chapter 4 Religion in the United States
I. American history and religious liberty
---history
-- “WASP”(央格鲁撒克逊白人新教文化), which stands for “White Anglo-Saxon Protestant”, is believed to be the basis of the mainstream culture of the United States.
-- Although the Church of England was an established church in veral colonies, Protestants lived side by side in relative harmony.(英国国教虽然在几个殖民地是官立教会，但新教各派都能和平相处.) They had began to influence each other. The Great A wakening of the 1740s, a “revival ”movement which sought to breathe new feeling and strength into religion, cut across the lines of Protestant religious groups, or denominations.(18世纪40年代的宗教大复兴运动力图把新的感觉和新的力量注入北美各殖民地人民的宗教信仰中去。这次“复兴”运动打破了新教各派的界限。)
chewinggum>英语三级考试题型--John Locke reasoned that the right to govern comes from an agreement or “social contract”voluntarily entered into by free people. The Puritan experience in forming congregations(圣会) made this idea em natural to many Americans.
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利比亚地理位置- Influenced by the new science and new ideas of the Enlightenment in Europe, a few Americans became deist(自然神论信仰者), believing that reason teaches that God exists but leaves man free to ttle his own affairs.
-- Many traditional Protestants and deists could agree that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable(不能被剥夺的) rights and that the laws of Nature and Nature’s God(创造自然的上帝) entitled them to form a nation.
---religious liberty –The Declaration of Independence guaranteed the basic right of religious freedom and this right was a political necessity. The First Amendment to the U.S Constitution explicitly forbade the federal government to give special favors to any religion or to hinder the free practice, or exerci, of religion. When disputes about the relationship between government and religion ari, American courts must ttle them. But American institutions presuppo a Supreme being (美国的社会风俗习惯都是以上帝的存在为前提的), therefore Christianity is often in practice, more favored than other religions.
II. the Three Faiths in the U.S
少儿有声读物
独特>晚安英文--- 1. Protestant (Over 60% of Americans are said to be Protestant believers. )
-- The Baptists(浸礼教徒) are the largest Protestant group in America. They believe in adult baptism by immersion, symbolizing a mature and responsible conversion experience（主张成人全身浸水，以表示成熟负责任的皈依经历。）. They are concentrated particularly in the Southern
Bible Belt (南部信仰原教旨主义的地区). White Baptists and black Baptists go parately to their own churches.
-- The Methodists(卫理公会派) are the cond largest Protestant group in the U.S. The Methodist Church has a form of rvice bad on that of the Church of Engl and.
---2. the Catholics
The Catholic Church is the largest single religious group in the U.S. More than 25% of all Americans are now of the Roman Catholic faith. The majority of the Catholic are descendants of immigrants from Ireland, Italy and Poland. They have the main strength in the east coast. In American history, the Catholics were discriminated against. By 1960, J.F. Kennedy’s presidential election victory put to rest the Catholic religion as an issue in national politics(结束了在国家政治中关于天主教的争端). Today, the Catholics are active in running their own institutions, and have rin to positions of leadership in business, politics and labor.
* The Catholic Church continues to have an all-male clergy.
---3. the Jewish
英语应用文写作More liberal Protestant and Jewish clergymen joined non-believers in maintaining that abortion is a basic right for women.（自由清教徒和犹太教牧师加入到信仰者之列，坚持认为流产是妇女的一项基本权利)
* By the 1950s, the above three faiths model of American religion had developed. The order reflects the strength in numbers of each group.
*It is unconstitutional in the U.S. that public money is provided to support rel i gi ous school s.
III. religious diversity
Frontier America has made the U.S. a fertile ground for the growth of new religious movements. Many religious communities(宗教团体) and cular utopias（世俗的乌托邦组织）, experiments in new forms of social living (试验新的社会生活方式的团体), were founded in 18th and 19th century America. Many small cts（教派）and cults （信徒）appear in American society all the time. They have certain tendencies in common. They regard the larger society as hopelessly corrupt. Some of t
hem never win a large following, but some others prosper and graduate into the rank of the respectable（有相当地位（数量）的）denominations. Some non-Western religious such as Buddhism（佛教）, Hindus（印度教）and Islam（伊斯兰教）are also begging to grow.
IV. characteristics of American religious beliefs
---1. The Bill of Rights of the U.S. Constitution provides that there is no state religion and that church and state must be parated. (没有国教及政教分离)
---2. American religious beliefs continue to be strong with social progress.
---3. In the United States, every church is a completely independent organization and concerned with its own finance and its own building. There has been little concentration on doctrine or religious argument such as in European history.
* In the U.S., people go church mainly for the following reasons: (1) for having a place in community (2) for identifying themlves with dominant values(使自己和社会的主流价值观保持一致) (3) for getting together with friends.
boring世界性三大宗教为基督教、伊斯兰数和佛教，而其它宗教则主要为民族性宗教或地域性宗教。中国人
习惯上称中国有五大宗教，即天主教、基督教(指基督新教)、伊斯兰教、佛教和道教，而实际上只是在世界三大宗教基础上加上了中国传统宗教——道教。天主教与新教(中国人俗称基督教)乃基督敦三大致派中的两大敦派，另一大派是东正教。这三大敖派虽各自独立、自成体系，但仍被视为同属一教。
chris gardner当然，社会上也流行有世界七大宗教或十大宗教之说，但分法不一，大体包括有基督教、伊斯兰教、佛教、道教、犹太教、印度教(及其前身婆罗门教)、神道教、摩尼教(基于琐罗亚斯德教)、锡克教等。西方人还将中国人传统信仰“儒教”也算作一大宗教。这些宗教都是由民族宗教或古代宗敦发展演变而来，与它们各自的文化进程和历史命运息息相关。
