Wetlands and Climate Change: The Challenge Before Us
This synopsis was developed with reference to the 2006 paper: “Common Questions: Wetland, Climate Change, and Carbon Sequestering” written by Jon Kusler, Association of State Wetland Managers (ASWM). The document condens knowledge from numerous climate workshops and symposia, with a scientific literature review. Action steps are from “Draft Recommendations for a National Wetlands and Climate Change Initiative” by the ASWM.
第二的英文
To access the full documents go to www.aswm/
1
2
Climate change will have the following direct impacts on wetlands.
Incread carbon dioxide = incread productivity of plants , where they are not hindered by low sunlight, temperature, or drought. This may enhance or detract from wetland habitat value bad on the degree of shift to non-native dominance.
Decread precipitation = fewer wetlands. Reduced surface and ground water levels either reduce wetland size or eliminate smaller wetlands.
Incread precipitation = more wetlands or different types. This would result in incread ground water levels and expansion of wetland systems. Shifts in wetland type may also occur with associated vegetation changes.kds是什么意思
Incread vere weather = irreversible damage to some wetland systems. Under incread frequency and verity of vere weather, with no recovery time, wetlands may experience diment overloads,
greater invasive species invasion, and native or rare species loss. Extreme events in combination with a level ri will increa shore erosion and coastal land loss.
Sea level ri = impacts to coastal and estuarine wetlands. The impacts will be most vere wher
e landscapes fragmented by development prevent wetlands from migrating landward. For each foot of a level ri tidal surge will amplify the water effects further inland. Accelerated ri will likely result in species shifts, decread marsh productivity and potential marsh destruction from submersion. But it could also mean the opening up of new wetland areas landward or revitalizing of older previously converted wetland areas.借鉴的意思
Incread air, water, and soil temperatures = both direct and indirect impacts. At a 2-8°F increa, the International Panel on Climate Change concludes that “composition and geographic distribution of many ecosystems …will shift as individual species respond to the changes in climate [and] there will generally be reductions in biological diversity and in the goods and rvices that ecosystems provide.”
Wetland types most likely to be significantly impacted:
Coastal and estuarine wetlands can easily be
flooded out with a level ri. Montane wetlands may e “relic” plant and animal species lost.
Seasonal and temporary wetlands are very nsitive to incread evaporation. Depressional, slope, and fringe wetlands would have impacts from precipitation
3 Koloa maoli, photo courtesy of USDA NRCS
Effects of climate change on wetland functions
yahuo
. Fisheries and shellfish production. Loss of estuarine wetlands would reduce rearing and food chain support for ocean and estuarine fish species, lowering yields. Estuarine wetland loss and
incread water depths would reduce shellfish yields. Waterfowl support . The asonal availability of wetlands for breeding and foraging will likely
含苞欲放是什么意思
绝望主妇大结局change, with potential conversion of open wetlands to other types. [Loss of already-limited coastal and estuarine wetland habitats in Hawaii would verely hinder the recovery of many waterbirds currently struggling to exist here.]
Habitat for rare and endangered species . Biodiversity will be compromid if species that depend on specific hydrologic and temperature conditions can’t migrate freely.
Food chain support. This would be reduced if
coastal & estuarine wetlands contributing detritus and nurry areas for marine fish and wildlife are lost. Water quality filtration, wave attenuation, and groundwater recharge . The functions would be compromid or lost with reduction or loss of wetlan ds.
decision
Action Steps for Coastal and Estuarine Wetland Protection during Climate Change
judge是什么意思✓ Undertake restoration, and enhancement of wetlands most threatened by climate change.
✓ Identify and map species and systems most at risk from climate change. (Species with limited range or
poor distribution and systems needing migration options.)
✓ Undertake long term planning and priority rearch to manage for wetland evolution. ✓ Control invasive species in climate-stresd wetlands
✓ Acquire upland buffers to afford wetland migration with a level ri . ✓ Divert diments to nourish wetlands experiencing a level ri .
✓ Establish on-the-ground protection priorities for wetlands. (Especially tho with high potential for
怎样快速美白皮肤
2015考研英语答案adaptability, upland migration with a level ri, and restoration.)
✓ Incorporate wetland and climate change ecosystem protection goals into coastal zone regulations,
watershed management and land planning . (Planning needs to take place at greater spatial and temporal scales.)
✓ Prevent further wetland fragmentation .
✓ Implement low-risk wetland protection land u options (Such as building tbacks, more stringent
control of drainage, & purcha of wetlands for their function as green infrastructure.)
