Q1 What can be inferred from paragraph 1framerate about western farmers prior to 1815? ○They had limited their crop production to wheat, corn, tobacco, and cotton. ○They were able to ll their produce at high prices. ○They had not been successful in raising cattle. ○They did not operate in a national market economy. Q2 What is the purpo of the statement, “whereas in 1810 only a venty of the American people lived west of Appalachian Mountains, by 1840 more than a third lived there”? ○To illustrate that generally population shifts occur rapidly ○To correct a mistaken impression of American agriculture from 1810 to 1840 ○To emphasize the range and speed with which the westward migration occurred ○To demonstrate how attractive the Appalachian Mountains were to Americans Q3 The word ‘fringes’ in the passage is clost in meaning to ○Borders ○Groups ○Types ○Directions Q4 According to paragraph 2, all of the following are reasons why Americans migrated westward EXCEPT ○The desire to move from one pace to the next ○The hope of improving their socioeconomic status ○The opportunity to change jobs ○The need to escape religious or political cris Q5 Which of the ntences below best express the esntial information in the highlighted ntence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out esntial information. ○Becau the West had more rivers and forests than the East, its soil was more productive. ○The fertile soils of the West drew farmers from regions with barren soils. ○Farmers living in western areas of the United States were more affected by soil erosion that farmers living in eastern areas. ○The soil in western areas of the United States was richer than soil in eastern areas. Q6 According to paragraph 3, what was the significance of the land law pasd in 1820? ○It granted government-supported loans to farmers. ○It provided farmland at an affordable price. ○It required banks to offer loans to farmers. ○It enabled farmers to ll their land for a profit. Q7 The word “proliferationap系列” in the passage is clost in meaning to ○Growth ○Cooperation ○Importance ○Success Q8 Paragraph4 suggests that turnpikes affected farmers by ○Making the price of grain uniform for both eastern and western farmers ○Making western farm products more profitable than eastern farm products. ○Allowing farmers to drive their livestock across mountain trails ○Allowing a greater number of farmers to ll their farm products in a commercial market Q9 The word “意大利语发音>accidentsuperded” in the passage is clost in meaning to ○Replaced ○Reformed crayon谐音○Equaled ○Incread Q10 The word “diverted” in the passage is clost in meaning to ○Collected shifted ○Shifted ○Transported ○Sold Q11 Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 5 about flatboats and keelboats? ○They cead to b ud as soon as the first turnpikes were built. ○They were slower and more expensive to operate than steamboats. ○They were ud for long distance but not for regional transportation. ○They were ud primarily on the Erie Canal. Q12 Paragraph 5 mentions that the Erie Canal led to a reduction in all of the following EXCEPT ○The length of the route that goods from the West traveled across to reach eastern markets ○The cost of transporting freight ○The price of produce from western states ○The amount of produce from western states that was shipped on rivers Q13 In fact, goods could be shipped more cheaply across the much greater distance of the Atlantic Ocean than they could from western New York to coastal cities. Where would the ntence best fit? Click on a square( ■ )to inrt the ntence in the passage. Q14 The westward movement of population across the United States led to expanded agricultural production. Answer Choices A The desire to improve their livelihood often inspired people to move west. B Among the people who moved to the western United States were a number of artisans. C The fertility of western farmland as well as favorable government policies supported agricultural gains. D Steamboats were originally ud to transport pasngers rather than freight. E Commercial farming in the West was greatly enhanced by improvements in land and water transportation. 海淀翻译公司F The transportation revolution resulted in regional economies that operated independently of a national market economy. | 上海韦博国际英语suitedWestward migration The story of the westward movement of population in the united states is, in the main, the story of the expansion of American agriculture-of the development of new areas for the raising of livestock and the cultivation of wheat, corn, tobacco, and cotton. After 1815 improved transportation enabled more and more western farmers to escape a lf-sufficient way of life and enter a national market economy during periods when commodity prices were high, the rate of westward migration incread spectacularly. “old America emed to be breaking up and moving westward,” obrved an English visitor in 1817, during the first great wave of migration. Emigration to the west reached a peak in the 1830’s. whereas in 1810 only a venty of the American people lived west of the Appalachian mountains, by 1840 more than a third lived there. Why were the hundreds of thousands of tters-most of them farmers some of them artisans-drawn away from the cleared fields and established cities and villages of the East? Certain characteristics of American society help to explain this remarkable migration. The European ancestors of some Americans had for centuries lived rooted to the same village or piece of land until some religious, political, or economic crisis uprooted them and drove them across the Atlantic. Many of tho who experienced this sharp break thereafter lacked the ties that had bound them and their ancestors to a single place. Moreover, European society was relatively stratified; occupation and social status were inherited. In American society, however, the class structure was less rigid; some people changed occupations easily and believed it was their duty to improve their social and economic position. As a result, many Americans were an inveterately restless, rootless, and ambitious people. Therefore, the social and economic position. As a result, many Americans were an inveterately restless, rootless, and ambitious people. Therefore, the social traits helped to produce the nomadic and daring ttlers who kept pushing westward beyond the fringes of ttlement. In addition, there were other immigrants who migrated west in arch of new homes, material success, and better lives. The west had plenty of attractions: the alluvial river bottoms, the fecund soils of the rolling forest lands, the black loams of the prairies were tempting to New England farmers working their rock, sterile land and to southeastern farmers plagued with soil depletion and erosion. In 1820 under a new land law, a farm could be bought for 100. The continued proliferation of banks made it easier for tho without cash to negotiate loans in paper money. Western farmers borrowed with the confident expectation that the exploding economy would keep farm prices high, thus making it easy to repay loans when they fell due. Transportation was becoming less of a problem of tho who wished to move west and for tho who wished to move west and for tho who had far surplus to nd to market. ■Prior to 1815, western farmers who did not live on navigable waterways were connected to them only by dirt roads and mountain trails. ■ Livestock could be driven across the mountains, but the cost of transporting bulky grains in this fashion was veral times greater than their value in eastern markets. ■ The first step toward an improvement of western transportation was the construction of turnpikes. ■ The roads made possible a reduction in transportation csts and thus agriculture along their routes. Two other developments presaged the end of the era of turnpikes and stared a transportation revolution that resulted in incread regional specialization and the growth of a national market economy First came the steamboat; although flatboats and keelboats continued to be important until the 1850’s, steamboats eventually superded all other craft in the carrying of pasngers and freight. Steamboats were not only faster but also transported upriver freight for about one tenth of what it had previously cost on hand-propelled keelboats. Next came the Erie canal, an enormous project in its day, spanning about 350 miles. After the canal went into operation, the cost per mile of transporting a ton of freight from Buffalo to New York City declined from nearly 20 cents to less that 1 cent. Eventually, the western states diverted much of their produce from the rivers to the Erie Canal, a shorter route to eastern markets. | |
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