第10单元查尔斯•狄更斯
10.1复习笔记
Charles Dickens（1812-1870）（查尔斯·狄更斯）
1.Life（生平）
a fire hydrant
uniermCharles Dickens was the greatest reprentative of English critical realism.In 1812,he was born into a clerk family in Portmouth,Hampshire.When he was11, the family was put in prison for reason of debt.Dickens was forced to work ten-hour days at Warren’s Blacking Warehou.The suffering childhood has provided writing materials for his works.In1896,his first book,Sketches by Boz, was published.In the same year,Pickwick Papers appeared in front of the readers. This novel brought him great fame.The rest of his life was a succession of works without rest.内容英文
查尔斯·狄更斯是英国批评现实主义最杰出的代表。查尔斯·狄更斯1812年出生于朴茨茅斯的一个小职员家庭。11岁时，由于父亲欠债，一家人都被关进了债务监狱。而狄更斯也不得不在一家皮鞋油作坊做童
工，每天工作十个小时。童年的苦难生活为他以后的创作提供了素材。1896年，他的第一部书《博兹随笔》出版，同年《匹克威克外传》面世。这本书使他一举成名。在之后的人生里，狄更斯笔耕不辍。
2.Literary Career of Dickens（狄更斯的文学生涯）
Roughly speaking,Dickens’literary career can be divided into three periods.
①The first period:1836to1841,the year when he started his first visit to America.
This period is marked for his youthful optimism.Dickens believed that all the evils of the capitalist world would be remedied if only men treated each other with kindness,justice and sympathetic understanding.This naïve optimism is the characteristic of the petty-bourgeois humanitarians of his time.
②The cond period began from1842and was a period of excitement and irritation.
③Dickens’works in the third period began with the publication of Bleak Hou in
1852-1853.His novels of this period are much“darker”in content than their predecessors.puppy mill
狄更斯的文学生涯可以被粗略划分为三个阶段。
①第一阶段从1836年到1841年，即他首次到美国游览之前。狄更斯这一时期的作品特
点是充满年少的乐观。狄更斯相信资本主义世界的罪恶可以通过人与人之间的和睦相处，公平正直和同情之心化解。这种天真的乐观主义是那个时代小资产阶级人道主义的集中体现。
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英语写作常用句型②第二个时期从1842年开始，这一时期充满兴奋和气愤。
③第三时期以1852年到1853年的《荒凉山庄》的发表为开端，这一时期表现了悲观主义。
3.Major Works of Dickens（狄更斯的小说）
三维制图培训The Pickwick Papers（1836-1837）《匹克威克外传》
Oliver Twist（1838）《雾都孤儿》
The Old Curiosity Shop（1840-1841）《老古玩店》
Dombey and Son（1846-1848）《董贝父子》
David Copperfield（1849）《大卫·科波菲尔》
Bleak Hou（1852）《荒凉山庄》
Hard Times（1854）《艰难时世》
A Tale of Two Cities（1859）《双城记》
Great Expectations（1860）《远大前程》run on
4.Selected works（选读作品）
◆Great Expectations《远大前程》
It focus on the life experiences of Pip,a poor village boy from his early childhood,through young manhood and a brief summary of middle age.Estella is the heroine and the girl Pip loves,but she is at first eager to get into the higher society,and is very proud and cold to Pip,due to his lower social p
光棍宣言osition.Irritated by this,Pip determines to become a gentleman and he gets financial aid from a cret donator Magwitch,who turns out to be the convict and dies in the prison. Then Pip los the money to support him.After more experiences,both Pip and Estella become maturer.
小说围绕主人公匹普的人生经历（童年，青年，中年）展开。埃斯特拉是书中的女主人公也是匹普喜欢的女孩，她一心想要进入上流社会，因此根本瞧不起匹普，这使他很受伤害，这时有一位神秘的捐助者马格维奇使匹普进入了上层社会。但是马格维奇是个罪犯，最后死在监狱里，匹普的远大前程之梦破灭，最后经历过更多事情后，他和埃斯特拉都变得成
熟了。
Comment（赏析）查尔斯 狄更斯
As one of his late works,Great Expectations is a bildungsroman novel depicting growth and personal development.
作为狄更斯后期的主要作品之一，《远大前程》是一部教育小说，是描写个人成长和发展的小说。
5.The Characteristics of Dickens’works（狄更斯的作品特色）
a.As a novelist,Dickens is remembered first of all for his character-portrayal.Every character his creative finger touched comes alive.
b.Another feature of Dickens’fictional art is his humour and satire.Mr.Micawber in David Copperfield,for example,is one of the most famous humorous characters in world literature.Satire is often employed by Dickens to achieve the effect of irony,as in the pen-portrait of Mr.Pecksniff,the hypocrite.
c.In terms of the construction in Dickens’novels,the main plot is often interwoven with more than one sub-plot so that some interesting minor characters as well as a broader view of life may be introduce
d.
d.Dickens and Shakespeare are the two unique popular classics that England has given to the world,and they are alike in being remembered not for one masterpiece but for a creative world.
a.作为小说家，狄更斯首先因为他的人物刻画而出名。在他笔下的人物都具有了生命。
b.狄更斯的作品幽默而具有讽刺意味。《大卫·科波菲尔》中的米考伯是世界文学中出了名
的喜剧人物，另一代表人物是具有讽刺意味的伪君子佩克斯列夫。
c.在小说结构上，通常是主线索穿插着几个次要线索。这样既能介绍更多的人物还能描述更广的生活场景。
d.狄更斯和莎士比亚是英国献给世界的两个无与伦比、大众的大文豪。他们之所以被铭记，不是因为一部作品，而是因为他们创造了一个世界。
10.2课后习题详解
1.Magwitch“the convict”takes the risk of being“hanged”when he comes back to London to e Pip.How do you evaluate this meeting?
Key:It is a surprising and unwilling meeting for Pip.He never thinks that it was a convict who denotes money for him to be the gentleman in the upper class.He cannot receive this result.In Pip’s mind,Magwitch is just the man who he saves when he was only a young boy.Now,Pip is a gentleman with a lot of money and lives as the nobleman.He looks down upon Magwitch.So,when he meets Ma
gwitch,he feels anxious,dispirited,and even abhorrent.To him,this meeting is like a disaster.But to Magwitch,it is a willing meeting.He is very happy,excited and proud.
2.What is the meaning of“gentleman”n the context of the novel?
Key:In the context of the novel,“gentleman”means a man who has high social status and material wealth.However,at that time,the esnce of a gentleman is
that he comes from pure gens,or is perfectly bred.So,the word“gentleman”in the novel has a derogatory meaning.Pip once was a poor,but sympathetic and kind-hearted boy.He was simple and innocent.He dreamed of being a blacksmith like his brother-in-law Joe and earns his living by himlf.But after he met Estella,he couldn’t help but fell in love with her.However Estella despid him for his being poor.So,he wanted to be a gentleman just for Estella.And he got an inheritance from someone to finance him being a gentleman.He became a gentleman,but he lost his virtues.He was lfish and cool-hearted to his poor old friends.When Joe came to London,to e him,he was unwilling and reluctant to meet him and was cruel to him.Pip’s definition of gentleman was narrowed
by the influence of Miss Havisham and Estella who e social status,high education and material wealth as the esntial components of being a gentleman. The author wants to uncover some social problems by this.He wants to criticize the dirty capitalism and the dark society.
3.What can you learn about the character of Pip through his conversations with the unexpected visitor?
Key:Through his conversation with the unexpected visitor,we can find that Pip was arrogant,snobbish,indifferent,but sympathetic and regretful.He is a “round character”in the novel.
