What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of the are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were __1__. The study of how genes and environment interact to influence __2__ activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important __3__ to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior.
Any rearch that suggests that __4__ to perform certain behaviors are bad in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can __5__ bad on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as x, race and eye color. But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how __6__ they are, or what career they are likely to choo? A concern of psychological scientists is the __7__ to which all of the characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture(养育), by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly, science __8__ that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From this perspective, people are born __9__ like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it __10__ appears can vary bad on the development process. However, the basic picture is there from the beginning.
[A] abilities
[B] achieve
[C] appeal
[D] complaints
[E] contributions
[F] displayed
[G] esntially
[H] eventually
[I] extent
[J] indicates
[K] proceeds
[L] psychologicalskirt的音标
[M] raid
[N] smart
[O] standard
答案解析：
1. [M] raid rai在这里的意思是"养育"，the environment in which you were raid 意思是"你成长的环境"。
裁判的英文 2. [L] psychological "psychological activity"意思是"心理活动"，全句意思是"研究基因和外部环境如何相互作用影响人心理活动的学科被称为行为遗传学"。
3. [E] contributions "make contributions to"为固定搭配，意为"为……做贡献"。
4. [A] abilities "ability to …"意思是"做某事的能力"，在此处，全句意思是"任何一篇宣称人类做出某种行为的能力是基于生物学的研究都是有争议的"。
5. [B] achieve "limitations to what you can achieve"意思是"对你所能达到的水平的限制"。
6. [N] smart 此处需填一个形容词，而且用来形容人，根据题意，smart符合题意，表示"机灵，可爱"。搞定英文
7. [I] extent 此处填extent，主要是因为后面有to，"to the extent …"译为"……的程度"。
8. [J] indicates indicate 意思是"表明，显示"。全句意为"越来越多的科学(现象)表明基因对人类很多特征有基础作用"。
9. [G] esntially esntially 的意思是"实际上，本质上"。全句意为"从这个角度来讲，人一出生，本质上就像是还没洗出来的照片：相已经照了，但是最终会呈现多少就在于显影的过程了"。
10. [H] eventually eventually 副词，意思是"最终，最后"。
With the world's population estimated to grow from six to nine billion by 2050, rearchers. business and governments are already dealing with the impact this increa will have on everything from food and water to infrastructure (基础设施) and jobs. Underling all this __1__ will be the demand for energy, which is expected to double over the next 40 years.
Finding the resources to meet this demand in a __2__. sustainable way is the cornerstone (基石) of our nation's energy curity, and will be one of the major __3__ of the 21st century. Alternative forms
of energy- bio-fuels, wind and solar, to name a few are __4__ being funded and developed, and will play a growing __5__ in the world's energy supply. But experts say that even when __6__, alternative energy sources will likely meet only about 30% of the world's energy needs by 2050.
污染英文
For example, even with __7__ investments, such as the $93 million for wind energy development __8__ in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, important alternative energy sources such as wind and bio-fuels __9__ only about 1% of the market today.
Energy and sustainability experts say the answer to our future energy needs will likely come from a lot of __10__ both traditional and alternative.
[A] stable
[B] solutions
[C] significant
[D] role
[E] progress
[F] marvelous
[G] included
[H]growth
[I] exactly
[J] consist
[K] compri
[L] competitions
[M] combined
[N] challenges
[O] certainly
答案解析：
1 growth 2 stable 3 challenges 4 certainly 5 role 6 combined 7 significant 8 included 9 compri 10 solutions
【解析】这是一篇讨论能源资源的说明文，话题是考生比较熟悉的能源问题，不断增长的人口与可再生资源的矛盾该如何解决。文中指出能源的一些可替代形式 如生物能源、风能太阳能等可再生资源将在未来发挥越来越重要的作用。但是专家指出，即使这些资源储备量惊人，但是到2050年也只能满足世界30%的需求。文章最后两段探讨了各能源在市场上的需求，以及解决未来能源需求的其他方案。
总体来说，这篇文章理解难度不大，填空难度适中，所选词汇也都是四级考纲的词汇。选项较具有干扰项，多为c和s开头的单词，考生在考试时要特别注意。
What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of the are influenced by the inte
raction of your genes and the environment in which you were __1__. The study of how genes and environment interact to influence __2__ activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important __3__ to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior.
Any rearch that suggests that __4__ to perform certain behaviors are bad in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can __5__ bad on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as x, race and eye color. But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how __6__ they are, or what career they are likely to choo? A concern of psychological scientists is the __7__ to which all of the characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture(养育), by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly, science __8__ that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From this perspective, people are born __9__ like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it __10__ appears can vary bad on the development process. However, the basic picture is there from the beginning.
[A] abilities
[B] achieve卡萨布兰卡歌曲
[C] appeal
[D] complaints
[E] contributions
[F] displayed
[G] esntially
[H] eventually
[I] extent
[J] indicates
[K] proceeds
[L] psychological
[M] raid
[N] smart
[O] standard
答案解析：
1. [M] raid rai在这里的意思是"养育"，the environment in which you were raid 意思是"你成长的环境"。
2. [L] psychological "psychological activity"意思是"心理活动"，全句意思是"研究基因和外部环境如何相互作用影响人心理活动的学科被称为行为遗传学"。
3. [E] contributions "make contributions to"为固定搭配，意为"为……做贡献"。
4. [A] abilities "ability to …"意思是"做某事的能力"，在此处，全句意思是"任何一篇宣称人类做出某种行为的能力是基于生物学的研究都是有争议的"。
5. [B] achieve "limitations to what you can achieve"意思是"对你所能达到的水平的限制"。
6. [N] smart 此处需填一个形容词，而且用来形容人，根据题意，smart符合题意，表示"机灵，可爱"。
7. [I] extent 此处填extent，主要是因为后面有to，"to the extent …"译为"……的程度"。
8. [J] indicates indicate 意思是"表明，显示"。全句意为"越来越多的科学(现象)表明基因对人类很多特征有基础作用"。
cret是什么意思 9. [G] esntially esntially 的意思是"实际上，本质上"。全句意为"从这个角度来讲，人一出生，本质上就像是还没洗出
来的照片：相已经照了，但是最终会呈现多少就在于显影的过程了"。
10. [H] eventually eventually 副词，意思是"最终，最后"。
The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday.
countryregion While elderly people __1__ to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) __2__ effect on their brain's performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to rearch.
Sean Drummond, a. psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping __3__ straight through the night.
More sleep in old age, however, is __4__ with better health, and most older people would feel better and more __5__ if they slept for longer periods, he said.
你有权保持沉默
"The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to __6__ well does not change," Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego.
"It's __7__ a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were __8__. Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from __9__ to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That's __10__ from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the same amount as we need at 75."
[A] alert
[B] associated
[C] attracting
[D] cling
[E] continuing
[F] definitely
[G] different
[H] efficiently
[I] formally
[J] function
[K] mixed
[L] negative
[M] sufficient
[N] tend
[O] younger
答案解析：
文章大意：本文主要讲述的是关于老年人睡眠的问题：是否老年人与年轻人相比只需要较少的睡眠时间?
1. N tend tend to 固定搭配；表示"倾向于;"符合句意;
2. L negative 空格后是effect， 前面是a(n)， 由此可见，该处需要填入一个形容词；题目给出的形容词有negative, sufficient, younger；根据前后语意，填入negative最为恰当，表示"少的睡眠时间对大脑的活动有负面的影响。"
3. H efficiently 根据推测，该处应该填入一个副词，题目给出的副词有efficiently, definitely, formally；前面提到，老年人在睡觉的时候更容易被打断，而后面用while提出一个对比的概念，年轻人相比起来能获得更_______ 的睡眠；综合起来，选用efficiently(最有效率的)最为准确。
4. B associated be associated with 固定搭配；表示"与…联系在一起"；本句话表示"更多的睡眠通常都与健康度联系在一起";
5. A alert 先看整句话的含义，"如果他们能睡更长的时间
，他们的感觉应该会更好以及…"那么，该处应该填入一个褒义词，选择alert比较恰当，表示"更加警觉，机灵";
6. J function 根据判断，此处应该填入一个动词，剩下的动词有cling, function；整句话的意思是"当我们上了年纪的时候，我们一觉睡到天亮的能力下降了，但是，我们需要…的睡眠量并没有改变;"空
格后的单词是 well， cling 在这里并不合适，一般与to连用；选用function 最为适合;
7. F definitely 作者在首段已经提出这个观点是一个myth，那么显而易见最后一段中出现的myth是作为一种强调手段，应填入definitely;
8. O younger 空格的前面是 when they were…， "当他们年轻的时候"；应填入younger;
9. E continuing 本句的意思是"我们的数据显示老年人将从…获益;"空格的后面是"得到和他们在三十多岁的时候能得到的睡眠一样多"；根据上下文意思，该处应填入"continuing";
10. G different different from 固定搭配；表示"和…不同"。
As war spreads to many corners of the globe, children sadly have been drawn into the centre of conflicts. In Afghanistan, Bosnia, and Colombia, however, groups of children have been taking part in peace education __1__. The children, after learning to resolve conflicts, took on the __2__ of peacemakers. The Children's Movement for Peace in Colombia was even nominated (提名) for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1998. Groups of children __3__ as peacemakers studied human rights and poverty issues in Colombia, eventually forming a group with five other schools in Bogotá known as The Schools of Peace.
The classroom __4__ opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with __5__, peaceful ones. It is in the classroom that caring and respect for each person empowers children to take a step __6__ toward becoming peacemakers. Fortunately, educators have access to many online resources that are __7__ uful when helping children along the path to peace. The Young Peacemakers Club, started in 1992, provides a Website with resources for teachers and __8__ on starting a Kindness Campaign. The World Centres of Compassion for Children International call attention to children's rights and how to help the __9__ of war. Starting a Peacemakers' Club is a praiworthy venture for a class and one that could spread to other classrooms and ideally affect the culture of the __10__ school.
[A] acting
[B] assuming
[C] comprehensive
[D] cooperative
[E] entire
[F] especially
[G] forward
[H] images
[I] information
[J] offers
cache [K] projects
[L] respectively
[M] role
[N] technology
[O] victims
答案解析：
1. 【答案】 K
【精析】 名词辨析题。根据句意，空格处缺少名词，意为"活动，项目
>either的用法
