第七课 /, / / , / /, / /, / / /
Step One: Pronunciation
摩擦音(9个)
/, /
英英对比
//清辅音，唇齿摩擦音，发音时，上齿轻触下唇，气流从唇齿间的缝隙中经过，引起
摩擦，声带不振动。
/v/浊辅音。唇齿摩擦音，发音与//相同，上齿轻触下唇，气流从唇齿间的缝隙中经过，
引起摩擦，声带要振动。
汉英对比
//的读音接近于汉语的“府”。两者区别之处在于：发//时上齿要压住下唇，并且不能带上“府”的韵母(u)的读音，送气要比“府”略强。
//的读音也接近于汉语的“府”，但发/v/时声带要振动。
/ , /
英英对比
//清辅音，舌尖齿背摩擦音。发音时，舌尖轻抵齿背，气流从舌齿间的缝隙中泻出，形成摩擦音，声带不振动。
//浊辅音，舌尖齿背摩擦音。发音时，舌位与//音相同，舌尖轻抵齿背，气流从舌齿间的缝隙间泻出，形成摩擦音，声带振动。
a fire hydrant
汉英对比
//的读音接近于汉语的“死”， 区别之处在于：发//时要用牙齿轻咬舌尖。
//的读音也接近于汉语的“死”，但在发音时要振动声带。
/ s, /
英英对比
/s/清辅音，舌端齿龈摩擦音，发音时舌端靠近齿龈，气流由舌端与齿龈泻出形成摩擦音，声带不振动。
即使英文/z/浊辅音，舌端齿龈摩擦音。发音与/s/相同，舌端靠近齿龈，气流由舌端从齿龈间泻ele
出，形成摩擦音，声带振动。
汉英对比
/s/的发音与汉语的“丝”相近，两者区别之处在于：发/s/时，舌要轻触下齿背，送气比“丝”强。
/z/的发音只是/s/的浊化，在发音方法不变的情况下使声带振动。
/, /
英英对比
//清辅音，舌端齿龈后部摩擦音。发音时，舌尖和舌端向上，齿龈后部抬起，舌身紧靠上颚，形成狭长通道，气流由通道通过，形成摩擦音，声带不振动。
//浊辅音，舌端齿龈后部摩擦音。发音时，舌位与//相同，舌尖和舌端向上，齿龈后部抬起，舌身紧靠上颚，形成狭长通道，气流由通道通过，形成摩擦音，声带不振动。
entertainments汉英对比
//的读音接近于汉语的“嘘”，但两者的区别在于：发//时嘴唇撮成圆形并尽量往前突出，舌头放平。
//的读音接近于汉语的“于”，区别之处在于：发//时嘴唇撮成圆形并尽量往前突出，舌头放平，声带振动。
/ /
/h/清辅音，发音时，口张开，气流从声门不受阻碍地摩擦而出，口型随后面的元音而变
化，声带不振动。
汉英对比：
/h/的读音近似于汉语中的“呵”，但区别之处在于发/h/时的气流比较弱，是从胸腔中轻松发出的。
Step Two: Exercis
/, /
1. Put your hand on your throat and say /f/. You should not be able to feel anything. Now say /v/. You should be able to feel the vibration of the vocal folds. Try/f/, /v/, /f/and so on, and you should be able to feel the vocal fold vibration stopping and starting.
2. Listen to the tape and underline the one you hear in each pair. Then repeat after the tape.
few /fju:/ view /vju:/ leaf /li:f/ leave /li:v/
feel /fi:l/ veal /vi:l/ file /fail/ vile /vail/
refu /ri'fju:z/ reviews /ri'vju:z/ ferry /'fer.i/ very /'ver. i/
supper /'sp/ suffer /'sf./ rougher/'rf./ lover /'lv./
3. Repeat the words with /f/or/v/at the beginning.
fail /fei1/ veil /veil/ fat /ft/ vat /vt/
few /fju:/ view /vju:/ fine /fain/ vine /vain/
fast /f:st/ vast /v:st/ file /fail/ vile /vail/
fan /fn/ van /vn/ very /'ver. i/ ferry /'fer.i/
4. Repeat the following after the tape.
suffer /'sf./ cover /'kv./ safer /'i.f/ savour /'i.v/
rougher/'rf./ lover/'lv./ sofa/'su.f/ over/'u.v/
leafy/'li:.fi/ heavy/'hey.i/ briefer/'bri:.f/ braver/'brei.v/professional
deafer/'dei.f/ never/'nev./ deafen/'def.n/ Steven/'sti:.vn/
xiayi 5. Compare the following pairs of sounds and then read after the tape.
音译汉
leaf/li:f/ leave/li:v/ wife/waif/ live/laiv/
proof/pru:f / prove/pru:v/ calf/ku:f/ carve/ka:v/
safe/if/ save/iv/ relief/ri'li:f/ receive /ri'si:v/
lf /lf/ twelve /twelv/ off/f/ of /v/
vika 6. Now practi the phonemes in the following ntences.
(1) Philip found the cave in the valley at five forty on the first of February.
(2) The brave diver dived into the river to save the villager.
自信的故事
(3) Virtue is fairer than beauty.
(4) Only a few friends were ever invited to the famous violinist's villa. Many had en photographs of it.
/ , /
1. Listen to the tape and try to decide which is //or //in English and which is <s> or <z> in Chine.
2. Put your hand on your throat and say//. You should not feel anything. Now say//. You should be able to feel the vocal folds vibrating when you say this sound. Now try//, //, // .You should be able to feel the vibration stopping and starting.
3. Now listen to the tape and decide which is the phoneme you hear in the tape.
/___i / /mau__ / /p:__/ /__m/.
/__:t/ /bri:__ / /'klu.__ / /__ :/
4. Then read after the tape.
sing /si/ thing/i/
pass/p:s/ path/p: /
sort/s:t/ thought/:t/
closing/'klu.zi/ clothing/'klu.i/
mou/maus/ mouth/mau /
sum/sm/ thumb/m/
breeze/bri:z/ breathe/bri: /
sick/sik/ thick/ik/
5. Listen to the tape and repeat the words after the tape.
sick/sik/ thick/ik/ tank/tk/ thank/k/
think/ik/ sink/sik/ tin /tin/ thing/i/
