虚拟语气---—高考重点难点
英语中虚拟语气是通过时态的变化来体现的。我们试图从句子时态的改变来推论出虚拟的构成。只要同学理解了这一点，就可以举一反三。掌握虚拟语气。
定义：虚拟语气是用来表示假设的,与事实相反或者不大可能实现的情况。主要通过动词时态的变化来体现。汉译英在线翻译器
规则：对于一个已经学过从句，又能正确使用时态的学生来说,掌握虚拟语气并不难.英语的虚拟语气是将句子动词原本应该使用的时态向后退一步,以表示该句与事实相反.后退的方法如下：
实际应用的时态—--———退——----虚拟语气应用的时态
现在时————————退—-—-——过去时 do-—-—did
现在完成时———--退—-—--过去完成时 have done———-—had done
一般过去时—-——退—-——过去完成时 did————had done
一般将来时————退——--过去将来时 will———--would
过去将来时-——-退————过去将来完成时 would—-——-would have done
情态动词 Can, may, shall-———-—could， might， should
注：在虚拟语气中不用was，所有人称都用were。
虚拟语气在条件句中的应用:
1．If I have money， I will lend it to you。 （主将从现)
If I had money, I would lend it to you。
第一句话没有使用虚拟，表示我很可能会借你钱。第二句话使用了虚拟，表示我不可能借你钱。用虚拟只是一种委婉的说法.对于两句的时态，正像我们上面所讲的,一般现在时退到一般过去时，一般将来时退到过去将来时。
2. If I have time, I will go to e you.
If I had time， I would go to e you。
请注意比较上面两句话不同的含义与时态的变化。
3。 fakelove中文意思If 2011流行歌曲排行榜I am you, I will buy that car. （假设句）
If I were you, I would buy that car.
由于我不可能是你,所以第一句话必须虚拟，因而第一句是错误的句子,但我们可以从中看出时态的变化.为了方便理解在下面的例句中都会给出一个假设句，但假设句只是为了逻辑说明.在实际应用中是不存在的，也就是错的。
4。 假设句：if it snows in summer， it will be great fun.儿童英语学习
虚拟句：if it snowed in summer， it would be great fun。
如果夏天能下雪，那该多有意思.
从句:一般现在时—-—退-—-一般过去时 snows———snowed
主句:一般将来时—--退--—过去将来时will be --—would be
题：If there were no sun， the earth （would） not only be dark， it （would） also become extreme cold. 没有太阳是不可能的，所以是虚拟语气，对将来的虚拟退过去将来:will 退would。
5. 假设句：if I brought my checkbook yesterday, I would pay by check。
虚拟句： if I had brought my checkbook yesterday， I would have paid by check。
如果昨天我带支票来了，我就会付支票。（实际没付支票）
过去时————-退———-过去完成时 Brought——-- had brought
过去将来时———退—--—过去将来完成 would pay—-—-would have paid
6。 假设句： if Iconfirm用法 had your address in New York， I would call on you before I came back to China。
虚拟句:if I had had your address in New York， I would have called on you before I came.
如果我有你在纽约的地址，我回中国以前，就去看你了.
从句：一般过去时———-退-—--过去完成时 had--—— had had
主句：过去将来时---退—-—过去将来完成时 would call on-—-——— would have called on
题: I didn’t e your sister at the meeting， if she___， she would have met my brother。
A.Has come B. did come C. came D。 had come
表示对过去时间的虚拟，过去时退过去完成时， 过去将来时退过去将来完成时。
7。 假设句:if you haven’t finished the homework by now， you will not be allowed to e the film this evening.
虚拟句：if you hadn’t finished the homework by now， you would not be allowed to e the film this evening。
如果你到现在还没做完作业的话晚上就不让你去看电影了。
翻译网从句:现在完成时——--—退-——-—过去完成时 haven’t finished-—-hadn’t finished
主句:一般将来时—--—退—-—--过去将来时 will be allowed-————would be allowed
时间交错：错综句：
8。 假设句： if he took my advice， he will be a scientist。
虚拟句: if he had taken my advice， he would be a scientist。
如果他以前听我的建议，他将会成为一个科学家.
从句：过去时—--—-退——-——过去完成时 took——-—had taken
主句：一般将来时————退-—-—-过去将来时 will be—--—would be
9. 假设句：if you were there， the meeting might go smoothly。
虚拟句:if you had been there, the meeting might have gone smoothly。
如果你要是在，会就会开的更顺利。
从句:过去时—--退———过去完成时 were—----—had been
主句：过去将来时-—-—退—-——过去将来完成时 might—---—might have gone
注:情态动词的时态倒退的方法与一般动词一样,如can， may等情态动词可以把他看做将来时,could， might看做过去将来时，could have done， might have done看做过去将来完成时。
10. 假设句：if there was more snow last year， we will have a good harvest this fall。
虚拟句：if there had been more snow last year, we would have a good harvest.
如果去年多下一点雪，今年秋天就会有个好收成.
从句：过去时—--退——--过去完成时 was—--—had been
主句：一般将来时-——退-——过去将来时 will have -—-——would have
虚拟条件句中if的省略:
如果虚拟条件句中有were， should或者had done,通常可将were， should或had 放在句首，if 可省略。
Eg: if I had studied more， I would have pasd the test.
——-— Had I studied more, I would have pasd the test。
如果我多学习点，我就会通过考试。
If I were in your place, I wouldn’t say so。
————- Were I in your place， I wouldn’t say so. 如果我处在你的位置，我就不会这样说。fiction是什么意思
题：1. ____ for the free tickets， I would not have gone to the films so often。
速记方法A.If it is not B。 were it not C。 had it not been D。 if they were not
生命在于运动英语
虚拟条件句省略if条件句必须倒装，因条件句是过去时，所以应退过去完成时。
用介词短语表示虚拟条件:
英语巴士论坛
11. 假设句:without your help， we will not be able to finish the work in time.
虚拟句：without your help, we would not be able to finish the work in time.
没有你的帮助我就不能按时完成这项工作。
一般将来时————-退-———-过去将来时 will not be—-—-would not be
