Lesson 9
9.3 Multivariate family planning policy in China
It has been over two decades since China adopted the Family Planning Policy. However, there still exist misunderstandings about this policy. People mistakenly think that China’s Family Planning Policy equals the One Child Policy, which allows one couple to have only one child. Their impression is that this policy is implemented more strictly in urban areas: in cities where people are better off, one couple can have only one child, while in the poor rural areas, one couple can have two or three children. Furthermore, they think that the One Child Policy is the cau of gender imbalance. I will now clarify the misunderstandings.
As a matter of fact, the policy adopted in the early 1980s is a multivariate policy called the Family Planning Policy, or the fertility policy恭喜英文. Its multivariate nature can be proved by two facts.
First, the total fertility rate in China now stands at 1.8, which means there is more than one child per family in most areas. For example, there is generally only one child in a family in urban areas, but two in rural areas, and three in analysis复数ethnic minority areas. In some areas, like Tibet, there are no restrictions at all on the number of children a family can have. We can tell from this fact that China’s Family Planning Policy varies in accordance with the economic and social development level of different areas.
Secondly, China is eing an unbalanced x ratio at birth at the moment. The x ration at birth refers to ** the number of boys born per 100 girls born. This is not the same concept as the x ratio of the total population.
The unbalance is not entirely the result of the Family Planning Policy. I would like to cite two interesting examples. My first example is the Republic of Korea. In 1988, the x ratio at birth in the ROK was 114, and the ratio now in China is 117. I believe there was no family planning policy in the ROK. My cond example is Singapore, who x ration at birth in 1984 was 109. Why is it a common problem in Asia? There are two main
reasons. The first reason is the influence of traditional culture and ideology, that is, a preference for sons, which pos a great problem for the x ratio at birth. Second, China’s unbalanced birth ratio is attributable to the poor social curity system in rural areas.
The Chine government has launched a nationwide Girl Care Project to hamper rial number是什么意思the rising x ratio at birth. This project aims to educate the general public to abandon their traditional preference for male children and to advocate female children’s status and rights. Secondly, the Chine government is also making an effort to establish and improve copacabanathe social curity system, particularly in rural areas.
Thirdly, the phenomenon of allowing one child for urban families and two to three children for families in poor areas called as rever lection of population quality. I have two points to make in this regard. The policy in rural areas is made in accordance with the economic situation there. The social curity system is being gradually improved in rural areas. If a stringent One Child Policy is to be introduced in this process, the hou
hold insurance coverage is likely to be reduced for rural families. Therefore, the number of children allowed in rural families is dependent on the economic situation.
9.5 联合国驻华协调代表谈中国的家庭与人口
与家庭相关的问题（家庭问题）eachnet是十分复杂的，与经济、社会和文化等各方面的发展息息相关。*** 世界各地有充分证据表明，由老龄化、人口迁徙和艾滋病等引起的家庭结构及规模的变化，将在经济、社会和文化上对家庭产生负面影响，除非我们仔细研究、认真对待这些问题。
中国的情况也不例外。中国是世界上人口最多的国家，自20世纪50年代起，中国经历了一个人口快速增长的时期，现有的13亿人口以每年700万人的速度在增长。中国政府一直将关系到每个社会成员衣食住行等家庭问题作为首要问题来对待。中国家庭一般三代同堂，近年来有所变化。
*** 中国致力于改革已经20多年，拥有强大的体制和勤劳的人民，这些推迟英文使中国取得了前所未有的成就，使四五亿人口成功摆脱贫困，使中国成为世界上最大的贸易国之一，并完成了
大部分联合国千年发展目标，其中有些目标比预期的2015年提前了整整11年。然而，正如去年3月发布的中国千年发展目标进度报告所指出，一些老问题依然存在，而快速发展又产生了一些新得问题。东部和西部之间、农村和城市之间、男性与女性之间的发展日益不平衡，是动漫的英文dailymail急需尽快解决的紧迫问题。同时，经济与社会、人类与自然的发展的矛盾也日渐突出。家庭，尤其是贫困家庭，*** 面临艾滋病的威胁，缺乏机会，无法享受各种资源和服务，生存环境日益恶化。童话镇第二季中国政府正努力通过自己的千年发展目标来应对这些挑战，也就是力争到2020年实现全面小康社会。
中国国家人口与计划生育委员会以及其他各级政府部门*** 有责任确保家庭问题在国家整体发展进程中得到全面充分的体现。帮助中国完成这一使命符合我们的共同利益所在。
