Four
I. Mark the choice that best completes the statement.
Language acquisition is concerned with language development in--------------.
A. human beings
B. animals
C. both human beings and animals
D. none of the
2. In language acquisition, what is actually acquired by young children is ----------- that are fundamental to the grammaticality of speech.
A. some words and expressions B all the rules in language
C. words and ntences D some general rules
3. ------------phonetics is the study of the physical properties of the sounds produced in speech.
A. Articulatory B Acoustic
C. Auditory
D. Audio-lingual
4 Distinctive features in phonology are similar to --------------in mantics.
A. mantic features B immediate constituents
C. identical feature
D. linguistic components
5. Syntactic deep structure was developed to---------------.
A. explain relations between ntences with the same meaning.
B explain a single ntence with more than one meaning
C. explain relations between ntences with different meaning
D. both A and B
6. In general, linguistic change in _______ of a language is the more noticeable than that in other systems of the grammar.
A. the sound system
B. the vocabulary
C. the syntax
D. the sound system and the vocabulary
7. Although English has borrowed most heavily from French, other languages have also made contributions. For example, tea, typhoon, and silk are from ______, and minar, noodle and poodle are from _______.
A. China; German
B. Hindi; German
C. China; Hindi
D. Turkish; China
8. ________ does NOT belong to mantic changes.
A. Broadening
B. Borrowing
C. Folk etymology
D. Class shift
9. The meaning of a ntence is abstract and de-contextualized, while the meaning of an utterance _______.
A. is context-independent
B. is concrete and context-dependent
C. is the sum total of its components
D. never remains stable
10. Obstruction between the back of the tongue and the velar area results in the pronunciation of _______.
A. [ k ] and [ g ]
B. [ k ] and [ n ]
C. [ g ] and [ h ]
D. [ h ] and [ k ]
11. We can understand and produce an infinitely large number of ntences including ntences we
never heard before, becau language is_________.
A. creative
B. arbitrary
C. innate
D. rule-governed
12. The two words suite and sweet are___________.
A. hyponyms
B. relational antonyms
C. homographs
D. homophones
13. According to __________ rule, the word sign should be pronounced as [ sain ].
A. deletion
B. quential
C. assimilation
D. supragmental
14. The labiodental sounds in the following are__________.
A. [p] and [b]
B. [f] and [v]
C. [θ] and [ð]onaverage
D. [k] and [g]
15. ___________reprents the deep structure Q Mary pres be plead SOME REASON.
A. For some reason Mary is plead.
B. Mary is plead for some reason.
C. Why is Mary plead?
D. Why Mary is plead?
II. Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate word. The first letter of the word is already given.
1. Once the notion of c_______ was taken into consideration, mantics spilled over into pragmatics.
2. A ntence is a grammatical concept, and the meaning of a ntence is often studied as the abstract, intrinsic property of the ntence itlf in terms of a p .
3. The history of English lexical expansion is one that is characterized with heavy b and word formation.
yinsheng4. G are sometimes called mivowels.
5. Words that are clo in meaning are called s .
6. IPA is the short form for both International Phonetic A and International Phonetic
A .
7. F e refers to a change in form of a word or phra, resulting from an incorrect popular notion of the origin or meaning of the term or from the influence of more familiar terms
mistakenly taken to be analogous.
8. In Halliday’s idea, the three metafunctions of language: ideational, interpersonal, and textual are related to three grammatical systems: t , m , and t .
9. Besides the inter-speaker differences in speech, there are i differences associated with the speech situation: who is speaking to whom about what under what circumstances for what purpo.
squirrel10. Language is v becau the primary medium is sound for all languages, no matter how developed their writing systems are.
11. P is concerned with investigating the psychological reality of linguistic structures.
12. SEMANTIC FEATURES of a word may be ud to explain s r .初三英语上册
13. C vowels are established to be a t of arbitrary reference points on an auditory
basis, so that a given vowel could be described in terms of its r to them.
14. If two sounds occurring in the same environment do not contrast, that is, the substitution of one for the other does not produce a different word form, but merely a different pronunciation of the same word, then the two sounds are in f v .
15. The fact that the English word strike is pronounced as sutoraiki after it was borrowed by the Japane is a ca of a .
Ⅲ. Mark the following statements with “T” if they are true or “F” if they are fal. Provide explanations for the fal statements.
1. Language is not an isolated phenomenon; it is a social activity carried out in a certain social environment by human beings.
viviction2. A phoneme is not further analyzable.
3. A phoneme is the basic unit in the study of the phonetics.
4. a. The man beat the child.
b. The child was beaten by the man.
In the above two ntences the logical subject is the same NP the man.
5. Just like the ntences, all the utterances are complete in terms of syntax.
6. The examples of mantic narrowing include wife, girl, fowl and bird.
7. Bilingualism refers to a linguistic situation in which two very different varieties of language are ud either by an individual or by a group of speakers, such as the inhabitants of a particular region or nation.
8. Lexeme is an academic name for word.
9. Nouns, adverbs, and adjectives belong to function words.
10. All monomorphemic words are free morphemes, and polymorphemic words are called compounds.
11. Linguistic communications are usually prented to us in the form of written text or speech. While the process of comprehension appears to be similar in both cas, some of the initial stages of processing differ.
12. Behaviourism in linguistic holds that children learn language through a chain of
stimulus-respon reinforcement.
13. The word coward is made up of a root morpheme and a derivational prefix.
14. The unexploded plosive [kº] as in the word act is a different phoneme from the exploded
plosive [k] as in the world ask.
15. What speech act theory is most concerned with is the illocutionary acts, becau it attempts to
condary schoolaccount for the ways by which speakers can mean more than what way.
IV. Match each tern in Column A with one relevant item in Column B.
A B
英文自荐信
actor
(1) ideational function a.
(2) textual function b. goal
(3) interpersonal function c, reference
d. cohesion
e. mood system
katebeckinsalef. transitivity system
g. theme
h. modal subject
V. Explain the following concepts or theories
1. Synchronic and diachronic
2. Langue and parole
3. Complementary distribution
4. Locutionary act, illocutionary act and perlocutionary act
5. Semantic broadening
6. A lingua franca
7. Grammatical marker
8. LAN
9. Displacement
Ⅵ. Analyze the following with your own linguistic knowledge.economical
1.Analyze and prent the phra structure components and phra structure rules of the
ntence The man drew a picture.
Ⅶ. Answer the following questions as comprehensively as possible, giving examples if necessary.
1.Distinguish the following cas of ambiguity with tree diagrams.
a: They said she would go yesterday.
b: Dick decided on the boat.
rockymountain
2.What are the three metafunctions propod by Halliday ?
3.What is the relationship between superordinate and hyponym in hyponymy?
4.How is Dictionary Word different from our daily understanding of a word?
5.How do mantics and pragmatics differ in their approach to the study of meaning?
