不良贷款管理中英文对照外文翻译文献
不良贷款管理中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)
Non-performing Loans Management and Recovery
William J. Bauman and Alan S. Blinder
Abstract
With the deepening of China's economic system reform development and continuous improvement of the system of the market economy, banks ' lending business becomes completely open to individuals, personal loans of business growing, continues to expand the scope of business, especially the development of individual housing loan more quickly. Personal housing loan business in China at the time of its development, there are bad credit risks as well as the competitive situation is not optimistic, to a certain extent, hamper the development of individual housing loans, to sustainable development, rearch management must be strengthened on a number of issues. This article from the current dev
concernelopment status of individual housing loan business to start, pointed out that becau of the existing problems as well as problems and focus on how to develop personal housing loan bad credit risk reduction, foreign experiences and lessons learned, and thoughts and countermeasures for management, to promote the healthy and rapid development of the business.
Key words:Housing loans to individuals; Bad credit risks; prent situation; problem; Countermeasure
1. Introduction行李箱英文
Under the five-category loan classification, substandard, doubtful and loss loans are defined as non-performing loans. Becau the reasons behind non-performing loans formation are different, credit associates must take effective measures to manage, recover and dispo of the parts of ast according to their different characteristics. The bank should first find out the responsibilities of the guarantor and dispo of the curity in time. Only when they confirm that the guarantor has lost the guarantee abilitie
s and the curity is not sufficient to pay off the loan, can they begin to dispo of the non-performing loans.
2. Reasons
There are many reasons why banks have poorly performing loan portfolios. Irrespective of the caus, banks have an obligation to shareholders, depositors and creditors to maximize cash flow from asts, the most troublesome aspect of which has been the poor record of banks in recovering loans. It is this factor that has contributed the most to bank insolvency, and liquidity constraints.
andy是什么意思There are veral complementary options available to banks to restructure problem loans and portfolios, including:
昙花的英文
Exerci of collateral (liens against property, inventories) through judicial or extra-judicial means.
Out-of-court ttlement that may focus exclusively on debt negotiation, restructuring and r
epayment, or lead to the financial, physical and operational restructuring of the enterpri.
Bankruptcy/liquidation procedures through formal court proceedings. This may involve liquidation, reorganization or privatization of an enterpri to enforce partial or total loan repayment.
(Besides the bank itlf, sometimes government also leads a restructuring program to help the bank to solve the problem of NPL in order to stabilize the banking industry or the whole economy, for example, Ast Management Company (AMC), a special purpo company, buys or exchanges NPL from bank and dispos of them).广州会计电算化协会
3. Work-Out Unit
八下英语作业本答案With aggregate loan portfolios universally troubled by delinquencies and defaults, some banks have opted to develop work-out units to improve loan portfolio quality. When work-out units are established, they are usually t up to deal with most of a bank's problem lo
ans, effectively ctioning off non-performing loans from the broader bank portfolio of performing loans. The benefits expected from work-out units include;
magnifierConcentrated focus on the recovery of problem loans;
altoidsMore developed banking experti and credit risk evaluation skills;obsolescence
Improved internal bank system (early warning systems, collateral requirements, credit information needs).
Work-out units can make a significant difference in restructuring loan portfolios, particularly when supported by effective technical assistance.
4.Loan Restructuring and Loan "Rollover"
Ca-by-ca loan restructuring is common in market-oriented economies, particularly
2021四六级考试时间公布when borrowers are unable to meet the original terms of the loan agreement due to external factors. The restructuring invariably changes in the amount, terms and /or sch
edule of interest rates, principal repayment, and collateral values. Loan covenants ( ratios, report requirements) often change to facilitate compliance. In some cas, radical measures such as replacing management are involved.
This approach is similar to what work-out units attempt to do: recover portions of loan portfolios which have deteriorated and are non-performing. However, workout units are often organized on the basis of ctor, location or bank exposure. Ca-by-ca loan restructuring is conducted on an individualized basis. The benefits of individual ca-by-ca loan restructurings include:
