倒装结构的用法
倒装是一种语法手段,用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分decadence。倒装句有两种:完全倒装和部分倒装。
1 完全倒装
(1欧盟是什么)完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前(是整个谓语动词,而非助动词)。 例如:
The teacher came in and the class began.(没有倒装)
In came the teacher and the class began.
老师走了进来,然后开始上课。
(2)在“there be”(或there + appear to be,come,exist,happen to be,lie,live,occur,remain,em,em to be,stand,ud to be)结构中,倒装形式为完全倒装,例如:
There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.
远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。
There were many students in the reading room in this evening.
今晚阅览室里有许多学生。
There is a TV t,a stereo system and a number of chairs in the sitting room.
客厅里有一台电视机,一套组合音响和一些椅子。
(3)由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句:以地点副词here,there和时间副词now,then 开头,后面的动词是be,come,exist,fall,follow,go,lie,remain,em,stand等,而主语又是名词时,构成完全倒装句,主语为代词时,则不需要倒装,例如:
Here is a ticket for you.
Now comes your turn.
Here he comes.
(4)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词且主语是名词时使用完全倒装,例如:
Up climbed the boy when his mother came.
(5)在强调状语时
① 当句首状语为方位词或拟声词,谓语动词为go,come等表示位置转移的动词时句子须倒装。例如:
Up went the plane.
In came the chairman and the meeting began.
注:如果主语是代词则不发生倒装,例如:
Out they rushed!
Lower and lower he bent.
② 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时,句子须倒装,例如:
Round the corner walked a large policeman.
Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man.
(6)在直接引语之后
在叙事性书面语中,直接引语后常跟asked Mary,answered John,said the old lady,grunted Peter之类的词语。在这些词语中,动词常在主语之前,主语为代词时,不用倒装,例如:
"What do you mean? " asked Henry.
"What do you mean? " he asked.
2 部分倒装解析
部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分(如助动词、情态动词等)放到主语前,或把句子的强调成分提前,例如:
Nor did he let the dia stop him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt about.
疾病没有使他放弃过上梦想中的生活。
2.1 以否定词开头的句子要倒装
(1)以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装。注意下列句子中助动词或情态动词提前、甚至补充助动词的用法,例如:
Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.
小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。
In no country other than Britain,it had been said,can one experience four asons in the cour of a single day.
据说除了英国世界上没有哪个国家能让人在一天中感受到四季变化。
(2)以否定副词开头并加状语放在句首的句子要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有:barely,hardly,little,ldom,scarcely,when,never,no sooner…than…,rarely,no more,not nearly,not only等以及only。
(3)一些如scarcely…when…,no sooner …than…,hardly…when…引导的主从复合句tipxtend主句要求使用过去完成式。
fairy什么意思
注意:在部分倒装句中,只有助动词、情态动词或连系动词to be可以置于主语之前,其它部分都要置于主语之后。
(4)此外,一些介词 + no + 名词的结构中需要用部分倒装,这些结构包括at no time; by no means; by no manner of means; for no reason; in no ca; in/under no circumstances; in no n科比的名言; in no way; on no account; on no consideration; at no point,例如:
Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money.
注意:
① 如果含有从句时,只要求主句倒装,例如:
Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。
② 如果上述否定副词出现在强调句型中的前半部分,不用倒装,例如:
It was not until he went abroad that he knew the truth of the fact.
直到他出国以后才了解到事实真相。
③ 如果hardly,scarcely后面接的是any,ever,at all时,意义类似almost no/ not/ never(几乎不、从不),则倒装,即如果hardly,scarcely修饰的是主语,则无须倒装,only也是一样,例如:
Hardly any people invited went there.
几乎没有什么受到邀请的人去那里了。
④ 由no matter how,however和how引导的状语从句要求部分倒装,因为形容词或副词通常紧跟在这三个引导词后面,然后才是主语和谓语,形成形式上的部分倒装句,例如:
I know nothing about this river,,neither how long,syrinxhow wide nor how deep it is.我一点也不了解这条河,不知道它有多长,多宽或多深。
2.2 由as引导的部分倒装句
(1)当as作为比较意义时,即用于as + adj./ adv. + as结构中时,如果把第一个as省略掉,就形成部分倒装句,例如:
Cautious as the rest of her family(was),she didn't em willing to give an immediate reply to my question.
正如她家里人一样谨慎小心,她似乎不愿意立即回答我的问题。
She charged the stairs,quick as a rabbit (ran).
她跑上楼去,跑得像兔子那么快!
(2)当as引导让步状语时,和although,though一样,当用作“尽管”之义时,可以用于部分倒装句,但要注意的是,as引导让步状语从句时必须倒装,而although,though引导时可倒可不倒,例如:
Hard as he worked,he did not pass the exam.
虽然他很用功,但他还是没及格。
(3)表示原因时,为了强调起见,也可以倒装,例如:
Tired as he was,we decided not to disturb him.
因为他太累了,我们决定不打扰他。
(发型设计培训学校4)等于so时,意义是“也,也是”,例如:
She worked hard,so/ as did her husband.
她工作很努力,她的丈夫工作也很努力。
2.3 so,neither,nor的倒装
除了构成上述倒装句以外,还可以取代上文出现的名词、形容词甚至整句话,构成完全倒装句或部分倒装句,但这两种倒装的意义不同。
(1)当so表示“也,相同,那样”时,通常表示对前一句肯定句的赞同、一致内容,要求使用完全倒装句,例如:
pick upHe promid to finish my homework,so did I.
(2)so /such ……that句型可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和then怎么读that翻译文章之间的部分,例如:
So lfish was she that everyone avoided talking with her.
So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus.
So much does he worry about his financial position that he can’t sleep at night.
注:在该结构中,“so +形容词”是表语的前置;“so +副词”是状语的前置。
(3)也存在such + be + 主语的情况用以强调,例如:
Such was Albert Einstein,a simple man of great achievements.