(一) 比较级、最高级及形容词、副词的基本表示方法
考点归纳
1. 表示倍数的常用结构: (原级比较、平衡结构)
⑪ A + v. (be) + 倍数 / 分数 + as + adj. + as + B
This book is twice as thick as that one.
⑫ A + v. (be) + 倍数 / 分数 + the price / size / weight / age / amount / length … + of + B
My room is five times the size of yours.
⑬ A + v. (be) + 倍数 / 分数 + a. / adv. 比较级 + than + B
This room is four times larger than that one.
⑭ A + v. (be) + 倍数 + that / tho of + B (= as much as …)
His weight is three times that of mine.
*⑮ 基数词 + -fold
From 1980 to 1990, Danube (多瑙河) shipping incread more than sixfold.
2. 比较级(及其他)表示最高级的常用结构:
⑪ A + v. (be) + 比较级 + than + any other + n. (single)
Russia is bigger than any other country in the world.
⑫ A + v. (be) + 比较级 + than + anyone / anything, etc. + el
Jimmy is taller than anyone el in his class.
the others
⑬ A + v. (be) + 比较级 + than + any of +
the other + n. (plural)
Jimmy is taller than any of the other students / the others in his class.
you lie
⑭ be cond to none e.g. This building is cond to none in height in this city.
3. 比较级、最高级修饰语: 比较级前可加诸如even, far, much, still, a lot等的程度副词；当比较对象属于同一范围时应使用other / el将本身排除在范围外
4. 合成词作定语的表达方式: a 5-year-old boy / a four-legged pet；注意be of (great) help = helpful
5. n. + -ly adj. adj. + -ly adv. e.g. friendly, carefully
某些副词有两种形式，一是与形容词同形，二是由该形容词加 -ly构成，注意区分异同:
deep, deeply high, highly clo, cloly dead, deadly, dying
well, good bad, badly farther, further live, alive, lively
late, later, latest, latter, lately clear, clearly easy, easily, etc.
6. -ed与中秋节英语对不起英文 -ing型形容词的区别: 前者用于描述人的感受，后者用于修饰引发该感受的人事
7. too much修饰不可数名词或动词；much too修饰形容词或副词原级
8. 多个形容词修饰一个名词时，根据形容词与所修饰名词的关系密切程度来排序，从左至右，依次为
①冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词；②序数词、基数词；③性质、特征；④尺寸；⑤
大小、长短、形状；⑥年龄、新旧；⑦颜色；⑧国籍、出处；⑨材料；⑩用途、类别也可表达为 (选自《新编英语语法教程》)
限定词→表示说话人评价的形容词→表示大小、形状、新旧的形容词→表示颜色的形容词→
表示国别、来源、材料的形容词→表示用途或目的的形容词或分词、名词等类别词→名词
9. 古英语遗留下来的几个 -ed 分词用法问题: 如drunk作补语，drunken作名词修饰语；类似地还有lighted (名词修饰语)与lit (补语)scdma是什么意思
英国人用英语怎么说
10. 一般情况下形容词放在名词前，但在以下情况下形容词需要后置: ①与 something, anything,nobody等不定代词连用；②表语形容词(alike等dealwith)需后置；③形容词短语一般后置；④特殊情况，如以 -ible结尾的形容词与only连用时常后置；⑤当修饰语本身带有不定式、介词词组等补足成分时通常后置，如Students brave enough to take the cour derve to succeed.
11. ☆so, such的固定结构类似于how, what感叹句结构 (参见感叹句，具体用法见结果状语从句)
12. 常见形容词、副词后缀
13. 补语形容词包括表示健康状况的词(如well, ill)以及以前缀a- 开首的词(少部分为副词)；这类形容词一般不能直接作前置修饰语，但一般都存在着一个同义词，如The soldier was alone. He was a lone / solitary soldier. 此外，a- 开首的补语形容词带修饰语时一般可作前置修饰语， 最喜欢的英文如a really alive student
14. 形容词 + that分句中，that在口语中常可省略；能做类似用法的形容词有sure, certain,
glad,amazed, surprid, confident, proud, disappointed, plead, shockedptember是什么意思等；该句型有时可与形容词 +介词词组、形容词 + 不定式换用，如I‘m sure that you will get success. = You are sure of success.= You are sure to get success.
15. cf. no more than (only), not more than (at most), no more …大学英语四级考试成绩查询 than (与…都不一样), no less …than, no other than, no better than (as bad as), no less than (as much as), not less than (at least),cannot / can never … too (再…也不为过)
16. 含as的结构
⑪ (not) as / the same … as … 两者剑桥公爵(不)一样 You are as sweet as sugar!
⑫ … not so much A as B … 与其说是A不如说是B He isn‘t so much a student as a teacher.
⑬ A is to B what / as C is to D A对于B来说就像C对于D，该结构中what / as可相互替换，
但what引导的是比较状语从句，其中表比较，而as表等同，如:
2 is to 8 as 1 is to 4. Intellect is to the mind what sight is to the body.
17. 含more的结构:
⑪ the more …, the more … 越……越…… (the more仅表示比较级，并不意味着需将形容词、
副词原有比较级改为the more形式，如the wider不应改为the more wide)
⑫ more and more 越……越……，前者为从属分句，后者为主句，并常伴有省略；
⑬ more … than … 与其说是……不如说是……；比……更加
There are more wonders in this world than are dreamt of.
其反义词组为less …than …，如John is less daring than quick-witted.
⑭ more than ①表示否定，如That is more than I can tell. ②不仅仅……，如My trip to Beijing
is more than sighteing. (不仅仅是游览观光而已)；no more than 只有(强调少)；not more than 不超过(客观描述)
18. 有些表示“极度”的形容词无比较级和最高级，如perfect, dead, empty, absolute, round等
19. 以 -ior结尾且含比较意义的形容词用to代替than，如superior, inferior, nior, junior, prior等
20. 某些类似形容词的区分，如economical economic, respective respectable, considerate considerable, historical historic, satisfied satisfying satisfactory等
考前巩固
I. Complete the ntences on comparatives (比较级) and superlatives (最高级).
