Designation:A265–03
Standard Specification for
Nickel and Nickel-Ba Alloy-Clad Steel Plate1
This standard is issued under thefixed designation A265;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the ca of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parenthes indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1.Scope*
1.1This specification2covers plate of a carbon steel or low-alloy steel ba to which is integrally and continuously bonded on one or both sides a layer of nickel or nickel-ba alloy.The material is generally intended for pressure vesl u but may be ud in other structural applications where corro-sion resistance of the alloy is of prime importance.
1.2The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.SI units are provided for information only.
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2.Referenced Documents
2.1ASTM Standards:
A6/A6M Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Structural Steel Bars,Plates,Shapes,and Sheet Piling3
A20/A20M Specification for General Requirements for Steel Plates for Pressure Vesls3
A370Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products4
A480/A480M Specification for General Requirements for Flat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate, Sheet,and Strip4
A578/A578M Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Plain and Clad Steel Plates for Special Applications3
A751Test Methods,Practices,and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products4
B127Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy(UNS NO4400)Plate,Sheet,and Strip5
B162Specification for Nickel Plate,Sheet,and Strip5
B168Specification for Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys (UNS NO6600,N06601,N06603,NO6690,N06025,and
N06045)and Nickel-Chromium-Cobalt-Molybdenum Al-loy(UNS NO6617)Plate,Sheet,and Strip5
B333Specification for Nickel-Molybdenum Alloy Plate, Sheet,and Strip5
B409Specification for Nickel-Iron-Chromium Alloy Plate, Sheet,and Strip5
B424Specification for Nickel-Iron-Chromium-Mo-Cu Al-loy(UNS NO8825and NO8221)Plate,Sheet,and Strip5 B443Specification for Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum-Columbium All
oy(UNS NO6625)and Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum-Silicon Alloy(UNS N06219)Plate,Sheet, and Strip5
B463Specification for UNS NO8020,UNS NO8026,and UNS NO8024Alloy Plate,Sheet,and Strip5
B575Specification for Low-Carbon Nickel-Molybdenum-Chromium,Low-Carbon Nickel-Chromium-Molybde-num,Low-Carbon Nickel-Chromium Molybdenum-Copper,Low-Carbon Nickel-Chromium Molybdenum-Tantalum,and Low-Carbon Nickel-Chromium Molybdenum Tungsten Alloy Plate,Sheet,and Strip5
B582Specification for Nickel-Chromium-Iron-Molybdenum-Copper Alloy Plate,Sheet,and Strip5
B625Specification for UNS N08904,UNS N08925,UNS N08031,UNS N08932,UNS NO8926,and UNS R20033 Plate,Sheet,and Strip5
2.2ASME Code:
Boiler and Pressure Vesl Code,Section IX,Welding Qualifications6
3.Terminology
3.1Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:Descrip-tions of Terms:
3.1.1This material is considered as single-clad or double-clad nickel or nickel-ba alloy clad steel plate,depending on whether one or both sides are covered.
3.1.2The term plate as ud in this specification applies to material3⁄16in.(2.73mm)and over in thickness,and over10 in.(254mm)in width.
1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys,and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.11on Steel Plate for Boilers and Pressure Vesls.
Current edition approved Feb.10,2003.Published April2003.Originally approved in1943.Last previous edition approved in1999as A265–94a(1999).
2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vesl Code applications e related Specifi-cation SA-265in Section II of that Code.
affect用法3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol01.04.
4Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol01.03. 5Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol02.04.
6Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers(ASME),ASME International Headquarters,Three Park Ave.,New York,NY10016-5990.
1
*A Summary of Changes ction appears at the end of this standard. Copyright©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959,United States.
3.1.3alloy cladding—the nickel or nickel-ba alloy com-ponent of the composite plate.
3.1.4ba metal(backing steel)—component to which the alloy cladding is applied,usually the greater percentage of the composite plate and usually consisting of carbon or low-alloy steel.
3.1.5integrally and continuously bonded—the process by which the alloy cladding and ba metal are brought together to form a metallurgical bond at esntially the entire interface of the two metals by means other than tho process that do not produce a homogeneous composite plate.
4.Ordering Information
4.1It is the responsibility of the purchar to specify all requirements that are necessary for material ordered under this specification.Such requirements may include,but are not limited to the following:
4.1.1Quantity(weight or number of pieces),
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4.1.2Heat treatment,if required(e Section5),
4.1.3Dimensions,including the thickness of the cladding alloy and the backing steel,or of the total composite plate and if more or less restrictive thickness tolerances apply,
4.1.4Cladding alloy specification(e Section6),
4.1.5Ba metal specification(e Section6),
4.1.6Product analysis,if required.Specify whether appli-cable to the cladding alloy,backing steel,or both(e Section 10),
4.1.7Mechanical Properties(e Sections7,13,and14), 4.1.8Restrictions,if required,on repair by welding(e Section14),and
4.1.9Additions to the specification or special requirements.
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4.1.10Corrosions tests,if required.
4.2In addition to the basic requirements of this specification and the backing steel specification,certain supplementary requirements are available when necessary to meet the end u requirements.The include:
4.2.1Nondestructive examination,
4.2.2Impact testing,and
4.2.3Simulated Post-Weld Heat Treatment of Mechanical Test Coupons(SPWHT).
4.3The purchar is referred to the listed supplementary requirements in this specification and to the detailed require-ments in Specification A20/A20M.If the requirements of this specification are in conflict with the requirements of Specifi-cation A20/A20M,the requirements of this specification shall prevail.
4.4Special tests.
5.Materials and Manufacture
5.1Process:
5.1.1The steel shall be made by the open-hearth,electric-furnace(with parate degassing and refining optional),or basic-oxygen process,or by condary process whereby steel made from the primary process is remelted using,but not limited to electroslag remelting or vacuum arc remelting process.
5.1.2The cladding metal may be metallurgically bonded to the ba metal by any method that will produce a clad steel that will conform to the requirements of this specification.
5.2Heat Treatment—Unless a specific heat treatment is required by the cladding material or ba steel specification,or unless otherwi agreed upon by the purchar and manufac-turer,the clad plate shall be furnished in a condition that is appropriate for the cladding alloy,ba metal,or both.
6.Chemical Composition
6.1The composite plate may conform to any desired com-bination cladding metal and ba metal as described in6.2and 6.3,and as agreed upon between the purchar and the manufacturer.
6.2Cladding Metal—The nickel or nickel-ba alloy clad-ding metal specified shall conform to the req
uirements as to chemical composition prescribed for the respective metal in Specifications B127,B162,B168,B333,B409,B424, B443,B463,B575,B582,and B625,or other nickel-ba alloy as agreed upon by the purchar and manufacturer.
6.3Ba Metal—The ba metal shall be carbon steel or low-alloy steel conforming to the ASTM specifications for steels for either pressure vesls or general structural applica-tions,or other,as agreed upon by the purchar and manufac-turer.The ba metal shall conform to the chemical require-ments of the specification to which it is ordered.
7.Mechanical Properties
7.1Tensile Requirements:
7.1.1The tensile properties shall be determined by a tension test of the composite plate for clad plates that meet all of the following conditions.
7.1.1.1The nominal composite gage is less than or equal to 11⁄2in(38mm).
7.1.1.2The specified minimum tensile strength of the ba steel is less than or equal to70000psi(485MPa).
7.1.1.3The specified minimum yield strength of the ba steel is less than or equal to40000psi(275MPa).
7.1.1.4The tensile properties thus determined shall not be less than the minimum and not more than5000psi(35MPa) over the maximum prescribed in the specification for the ba steel ud.All other tensile test requirements of the specifica-tion for the ba steel shall be met.
7.1.2The tensile properties shall be determined by a tension test of the ba steel only for clad plates that meet one of the following conditions.The properties thus determined shall meet all of the tensile test requirements for the ba steel.
7.1.2.1The composite gage is greater than11⁄2in.
7.1.2.2The specified minimum tensile strength of the ba steel is greater than70000psi(485MPa).
TABLE1Weights for Component Materials
Density Weight per Square
Foot for Material
四级准考证号查询1in.(25.4mm)
in Thickness,lb
lb/in.3g/cm3
Steel0.2837.8340.80 Nickel0.3218.8846.22 Nickel-copper alloy0.3198.8345.94 Nickel-chromium-iron
alloy
0.3078.4944.21 2
7.1.2.3The specified minimum yield strength of the ba steel is greater than 40000psi (275MPa).
7.1.3If the cladding is for corrosion allowance only,the cladding need not be included in the tensile test.The tensile properties thus determined shall meet the ba steel require-ments.
7.2Test for strength of the bond,when required,must be specified by the purchar and shall consist of one of the following.
7.2.1Shear Strength —When required by the purchar,the minimum shear strength of the alloy cladding and ba metals shall be 20000psi (140MPa).The shear test,when specified,shall be made in the manner indicated in Fig.1.The minimum cladding thickness for shear testing shall be 0.075in.(1.9mm)exclusive as ordered.
7.2.2Bond Strength —As an alternative to the shear strength test provided in 7.2.1or when agreed upon by the purchar and the manufacturer,or both,three bend tests shall be made with the alloy cladding in compression to determine the quality of the bond.The bend tests shall be made in the manner of the tension tests indicated in Fig.2and shall be bent through an angle of 180°to the bend diameters provided for in either Specification A 6/A 6M or Specification A 20/A 20M (Appen-dix X4,or equivalent),as applicable.At least two of the three tests shall show not more than 50%paration on both edges of the bent portion.Greater paration shall be cau for rejection.
7.3Methods and practices relating to mechanical testing required by this specification shall be in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370.
8.Number of Tests and Retests
8.1One or more tension tests,as required by the specifica-tions for the ba metal and when specifie
d,one shear test or three bond bend tests shall be made,reprenting each plate as
rolled.Each specimen shall be in the final condition of heat treatment required for the plate,including any SPWHT if required.
8.2If any test specimen shows defective machining or develops flaws,it may be discarded and another specimen substituted.
9.Test Specimens
9.1The tension test specimens shall conform to the require-ments prescribed in the specifications for the ba metal.9.2Bend test specimens for the alternative bond strength tests shall be taken at right angles to its longitudinal axis.9.3When required by the purchar,the shear test specimen shall be taken near a top or bottom corner of the plate as rolled,parallel to its longitudinal axis,or other location that is reprentative of the final product.
9.4For plates 11⁄2in.(38mm)and under in thickness,tension test specimens shall be the full thickness of the material,except as specified in 8.1and 8.2.
9.5For plates over 11⁄2in.(38mm)in thickness,tension tests shall be of the form shown in Fig.3and shall be of all ba steel conforming to the requirements of the specification for the ba steel.
9.6The bend test specimen ud for bond strength determi-nation shall be 11⁄2in.(38mm)by not more than 3⁄4in.(19mm)in thickness and shall be machined to the form and dimensions shown in Fig.2,or may be machined with both edges parallel.In reducing the thickness of the specimen,both the alloy cladding and the ba steel shall be machined so as to maintain the same ratio of clad metal to ba steel as is maintained in the plate,except that the thickness of the clad material need not be reduced below 1⁄8in.(3.1mm).The sides of the bend test specimen ud for bond strength determination may have
the
TABLE 1
Continued
Metric Equivalents
< in.mm 0.0050.127125.41⁄8 3.1721⁄264.53⁄4
19.1
3
76.2
fal是什么意思FIG.1Test Specimen and Method of Making Shear Test of Clad
Plate
Metric Equivalents
< in.mm 0.010.25411⁄238.11⁄8 3.17250.81⁄4 6.35376.21
25.4
8
203.2
N OTE 1—When necessary,it is permissible to u a narrower specimen,but in such a ca the reduced portion shall be not less than 1in.in width.N OTE 2—Punch marks for measuring elongation after fracture shall be made on the flat or on the edge of the specimen and within the parallel ction;either a t of nine punch marks 1in.apart,or one or more ts of 8-in.punch marks may be ud.
N OTE 3—The dimension t is the thickness of the test specimen as provided for in the applicable material specifications.
FIG.2Standard Rectangular Test Specimens with 8-in.Gage
Length
3
corners rounded to a radius not over 1⁄16in.(1.6mm)for plates,2in.(50mm)and under in thickness,and not over 1⁄8in.(3.1mm)for plates over 2in.(50mm)in thickness.
10.Product Analysis
10.1Product analysis may be required for the cladding alloy on finished product.Chemical analysis may be accomplished by wet chemical or instrumental procedures.If wet chemical procedures are ud,millings may be taken only when the composite plate thickness is sufficient to permit obtaining millings without danger of contamination from the adjacent layer.If spectrometric procedures are ud,the sample shall be expod on the center line of the cladding when there is sufficient cladding thickness available so that there is no contamination from the adjacent ba metal.
10.2If product analysis is specified by the purchar for the cladding alloy,it shall be made on a sample taken from the finished product or a broken test specimen.For wet chemical analysis,in order to avoid contamination by the ba plate metal,millings of cladding samples shall be taken from the test coupon by removal and discard of all the ba metal plus 40%of the cladding thickness from the bonded side,not to exceed 1⁄16in.(1.6mm).The material shall be cleaned and sufficient millings taken t
o reprent the full cross-ction of the remain-der.If there is insufficient cladding thickness available to spectrographically expo on the center line of the cladding without contamination,50%of the cladding shall be removed and the sample expod on this surface.
10.3The results of the product analysis shall conform to the requirements of standards referenced in Section 2.
10.4Methods and practices relating to chemical analysis required by this specification shall be in accordance with Test Methods,Practices,and Terminology A 751.
10.5Results of the product analysis for the backing steel when required shall conform to the requirements of Section 7of Specification A 20/A 20M or A 6/A 6M ,as applicable.11.Permissible Variations
11.1Permissible variations except for thickness shall be in accordance with Specification A 20/A 20M or A 6/A 6M as applicable bad on the backing specification.
11.2Minimum thickness of the alloy cladding metal and of the backing steel,or of the total composite plate shall be as required by purcha order documents when ordered to mini-mum thickness.
11.3Permissible variation in thickness when ordered to nominal thickness shall be 0.01in.(0.3mm)under each for backing steel or total composite,and 0.03in.(0.8mm)under for the alloy cladding.
11.4Permissible variations for excess thickness of the total composite shall be the greater of 0.125in.(3mm)or 10%of the total composite thickness ordered and may occur in either backing steel,cladding,or both,provided the minimum for each is met.
we eu11.5More restrictive or less restrictive permissible varia-tions may be agreed upon by the purchar and the manufac-turer.
12.Workmanship Finish,and Appearance
12.1The material shall be free of injurious defects and shall have a workmanlike appearance.pastten
12.2Unless otherwi specified,the clad surface may be supplied as-rolled,blasted (descaled by means of sand,grit,shot or wire followed by pickling),or 100%conditioned.13.Bond Quality
13.1The cladding metal shall be integrally and continu-ously bonded to the ba metal.13.2Inspection
13.2.1Clad plates less than 3⁄8in.(10mm)total minimum composite thickness shall be visually inspected for bond integrity prior to shipment.
13.2.2Clad plates 3⁄8in.(10mm)and thicker total minimum composite thickness shall be ultrasonically inspected for bond integrity prior to shipment in accordance with the procedures and methods of Specification A 578/A 578M .剑桥国际少儿英语
13.2.3Areas of non-bond detected visually shall be ex-plored ultrasonically to determine the extent of the condition per 13.2.2.For purpos of defining non-bond,the cladding shall be interpreted to be unbonded when there is complete loss of back reflection accompanied by an echo indication from the plane of the interface of the clad and backing steel.Areas within 1in.(25mm)of a cut edge on the plate that contain indications exceeding 50%of the back reflection at the bond interface shall be considered to be unbonded.
13.2.4Extent of ultrasonic examination shall be at the discretion of the manufacturer and sufficient enough to provide the quality level required by the purchar.Plates may be ordered with 100%coverage (e S1).13.3Quality
Levels
TABLE 1
Continued
Metric Equivalents
< in.
mm 0.0030.0763⁄8
9.530.0050.1270.5012.70.010.254250.81⁄8
3.18
21⁄4
64.5
N OTE 1—The gage length and fillets shall be as shown,but the ends may be of any shape to fit the holders of the testing machine in such a way that the load shall be axial.The reduced ction shall have a gradual taper from the ends toward the center,with the ends 0.003to 0.005in.larger in diameter than the center.
FIG.3Standard Round Tension Tests Specimen with 2-in.Gage
Length
4
13.3.1Class 1—No single unbonded area exceeding 1in.(25mm)in its longest dimension with total unbonded area not to exceed 1%of the total cladded surface area.
13.3.2Class 3—No single unbonded area exceeding 3in.(75mm)in its longest dimension with total unbonded area not to exceed 3%of the total cladded surface area.
13.3.3Class 5—No single unbonded area exceeding 9in.2(58cm 2)with total unbonded area not to exceed 5%of the total cladded surface area.
13.3.4The Class to be supplied shall be listed on the purcha order.When none has been specified,plates shall be furnished as Class 5at the option of the manufacturer.14.Repair of Cladding by Welding
smart什么意思14.1The material manufacturer may repair defects in clad-ding by welding provided the following requirements are met:14.1.1When specified in the purcha order,prior approval shall be obtained from the purchar.
14.1.2The welding procedure and the welders or welding operators shall be qualified in accordance with Section IX of the ASME Code.
14.1.3The defective area shall be removed and the area prepared for repair shall be examined by a liquid penetrant method to ensure all defective area has been removed.Method of test and acceptance standard shall be as agreed upon between the purchar and the manufacturer.
14.1.4The repair weld shall be deposited in accordance with a welding procedure and welding materials suitable for the cladding material.The surface condition of the repaired area shall be restored to a condition similar to the rest of the cladding.
14.1.5The repaired area shall be examined by a liquid penetrant method in accordance with 14.1.3.
14.1.6The location and extent of the weld repairs together with the repair procedure and examination results shall be transmitted as a part of the certification.
15.General Requirements for Delivery
15.1Material furnished under this specification shall con-form to the applicable requirements of the current edition of Specification A 6/A 6M or A 20/A 20M as appropriate for the backing metal.
15.2In the event of conflicts between this specification and the general delivery requirement specification for the backing steel,this specification shall apply.16.Certification
16.1The chemical analysis of the ba metal and the alloy cladding shall be certified to the purchar by the clad plate manufacturer.
16.2The results of the tests in Section 7and any other tests required by the purcha order shall be reported to the purchar.
16.3Compliance with the clad quality level of 13.3shall be certified.Reports shall include the results of ultrasonic inspec-tion when Supplementary Requirement S.12is specified.17.Product Marking
17.1Except as specified in 17.2,plates shall be marked in accordance with the requirements of Specification A 6/A 6M or A 20/A 20M for the backing steel as applicable,the cladding alloy designation,and this specification number.
17.2For double-clad material or for material under 3⁄8in.(6.35mm)nominal in thickness or for clad plates provided with conditioned surfaces,the marking specified in 17.1shall be legibly stenciled instead of stamped when the material is shipped with the alloy surface up.18.Keywords
18.1alloy cladding;bond strength;carbon steel;clad steel plate;low-alloy steel;nickel;nickel-ba alloy
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
Supplementary requirements shall not apply unless specified on the order.A list of standardized supplementary requirements for u at the option of the purchar are included in Specification A 20/A 20M.Several of tho considered suitable for u with this specification are listed below by title.Other tests may be performed by agreement between the supplier and the purchar.
S2.Product Analysis
S3.Simulated Post-Weld Heat Treatment of Mechanical
Test Coupons S5.Charpy V-Notch Impact Test
S12.Ultrasonic Examination in Accordance With
Specification A 578/A 578M
S1
5
