Lesson Twelve：Cotton Opening, Cleaning and Blending
Staple fibers arrive at the yarn processing plant in large bales. To make yarns, fibers must be of similar length and relatively uniform so that the spun yarn can be of uniform quality. To accomplish this, fibers from a variety of production lots, or fields must be blended together.
棉纤维以棉包的形式被运到纺纱厂。制造纱线使用的纤维应具有相近的长度和相对均匀的品级，这样纺出的纱线才会有相对稳定的质量。为了做到这一点，不同批次和产地的棉纤维必须很好地混合。
Several bales or cartons of fibers are placed in the opening, cleaning and blending area. Some fiber from each bale or carton is fed into the opener and blender. It is important to parate or “open” the fiber mass to a single fiber state, or as clo to that as possible. The opening and blending machines parate the fibers and blend fibers from the different bales or cartons. The technique adopted differs according to the type of opening or blending machines ud.
在开清棉车间通常要同时使用多个棉包或纸箱的棉花。从每包（或箱）取出的部分块状棉纤维送入开棉机和混棉机，分离或开松成单纤维状态，或尽量接近这种状态，这是非常重要的。开棉机和混棉机将从不同棉包（箱）取来的棉纤维开松并混合。所采用的工艺随开棉机、混棉机类型的不同而有差异。
In the intermittent(间歇的) system the fibers are parated from the bales and fed onto a spiked apron or lattice that carries the fibers from the feed area to the cleaning and opening area. The opening operation parates the fibers into a jogaloo, fluffy（松软的） mass. The loo fibers are fed into a hopper, where a measured amount is laid on a conveyor belt and delivered to the picking unit where additional blending occurs. The picker further opens, cleans and blends fibers through a system of rollers网络技术培训 and forced air. The blend of fibers is blown onto a collecting cylinder to form a layer. As the cylinder rotates, the layer of fibers is rolled off to form the picker lap少儿英语培训好不好. This is then taken to the card unit.
在加工的中间阶段，从棉包中取出的棉纤维被送至角钉斜帘或输棉帘，然后将棉纤维从喂
棉区送至开棉和清棉区。开棉是将棉块分解成松散状，这些松散纤维被送至配棉箱dats。在配棉箱处，定量的棉纤维被放到传送带scenery什么意思上，并被送至清棉部分。在清棉部分再一次混棉。清棉机通过罗拉系统石家庄英语口语学习及压缩空气的作用进一步对棉纤维实施开松、除杂与混合。混合后的纤维被吹送bln到紧压罗拉并形成纱层。在紧压罗拉回转时，纤维层被推出并形成梳棉棉卷，棉卷被送至梳棉机。
During this operation most of the dirt and impurities that might be prent are removed by either gravity or centrifugal force. Cotton fibers receive more opening and blending than man – made fibers, since they have more impurities and greater variation than do man – made fibers.
在此工序，大部分尘土和杂质通过自重和离心力的作用被除去。与人造纤维比较，棉纤维需要更充分的开松和清洁，这是因为棉纤维比人造纤维含杂量要大，而且纤维品质的波动较大。
The continuous system for making ring – spun yarns takes fibers directly from the bale and process them automatically through to at least the card sliver state. Fur
ther steps may be connected to the card so that the card sliver moves on through additional process automatically.
在生产环锭纱线时，如果采用连续加工系统，则纤维从棉包开始，要自动加工至少到梳棉棉条阶段。下一步的加工可以与梳棉机联接，这样棉条会自动地进入下一工序。
Bales of fiber are placed into some type of automatic fiber feed unit. Metal fingers pull tufts of fibers from the bale. The fibers are fed to the opening, cleaning and blending area; they are then conveyed to a hopper for direct feed to the carding frame. Slivers from the card go directly to the drawing framesnace and may actually be fed continuously through to the bellybuttonroving process.
棉包被放置在某种喂棉机上，金属抓棉刀片从棉包中抓取棉块，然后将棉块送至开清棉区；之后棉纤维通过料斗传送给梳棉机。从梳棉机出来的棉条可直接进入并条机，实际上也可直接喂入粗纱机。
Yarns made on automatic equipment tend to be more uniform and may be stronger
than discontinuous – process yarn. Production speed is considerably faster for continuous process, labor costs are reduced, and plants stay cleaner.
在自动装置上生产的纱线与用非连续化生产的纱线相比，条干更均匀，强度更高。连续化生产的速度较高，节省人力，工厂各阶层比较清洁。
No matter which system is ud, the quality of the final yarn is dependent largely on the lection of fibers and on the thoroughness of the opening, cleaning, blending and picking operations.
不管采用怎样的加工系统，纱线的最终质量主要取决于原料的选择和开棉、清棉、混棉的彻底性。
第12课：开棉、清棉和混棉
棉纤维以棉包的形式被运到纺纱厂。制造纱线使用的纤维应具有相近的长度和相对均匀的品级，这样纺出的纱线才会有相对稳定的质量。为了做到这一点，不同批次和产地的棉纤维必须很好地混合。
在开清棉车间通常要同时使用多个棉包或纸箱的棉花。从每包（或箱）取出的部分块状棉纤维送入开棉机和混棉机，分离或开松成单纤维状态，或尽量接近这种状态，这是非常重要的。开棉机和混棉机将从不同棉包（箱）取来的棉纤维开松并混合。所采用的工艺随开棉机、混棉机类型的不同而有差异。
在加工的中间阶段，从棉包中取出的棉纤维被送至角钉斜帘或输棉帘，然后将棉纤维从喂棉区送至开棉和清棉区。开棉是将棉块分解成松散状，这些松散纤维被送至配棉箱。在配棉箱处，定量的棉纤维被放到传送带上，并被送至清棉部分。在清棉部分再一次混棉。清棉机通过罗拉系统及压缩空气的作用进一步对棉纤维实施开松、除杂与混合。混合后的纤维被吹送到紧压罗拉并形成纱层。在紧压罗拉回转时，纤维层被推出并形成梳棉棉卷，棉卷被送至梳棉机。
fingerprint
在此工序，大部分尘土和杂质通过自重和离心力的作用被除去。与人造纤维比较，棉纤维需要更充分的开松和清洁，这是因为棉纤维比人造纤维含杂量要大，而且纤维品质的波动较大。
在生产环锭纱线时，如果采用连续加工系统，则纤维从棉包开始，要自动加工至少到梳棉
棉条阶段。下一步的加工可以与梳棉机联接，这样棉条会自动地进入下一工序。
