英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编23
(总分：48.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、 判断题(总题数：5，分数：10.00)
1.Metonymy involves using the familiar to stand for the unfamiliar. (对外经贸2005研)
（分数：2.00）
A.真 √
B.假
解析：解析：转喻是一种一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法。
2.The utterance meaning of the ntence varies with the context in which it is uttered.
（分数：2.00）
A.真 √
B.假
解析：解析：话语意义随着话语情境的变化而不同。
3.Language acquisition refers to the process involved in creating and expressing meaning through language.
（分数：2.00）
A.真
B.假 √
解析：解析：语言产出是一个通过语言来表达意义的过程。
4.Structural metaphor means that human experiences with physical objects provide the basis for ways of viewing events, activities, emotions, ideas, etc. , as entities and substances.
（分数：2.00）
A.真
B.假 √
解析：解析：实体隐喻是指人类以自身经验和生理实体为基础，把事件、行为、情感、思想等抽象概念转换为实体。万国司考
5.Superordinate categories are the most general ones. The members of a superordinate category do not have enough features in common to conjure up a common gestalt at this level.
afforded（分数：2.00）
A.真 √
B.假
解析：解析：上位范畴是最具概括性的范畴，各成员没有足够的共性构成一个共同的完形。
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clubmed招聘二、 单项选择题(总题数：5，分数：10.00)
6.How does the top-down approach differ from the bottom-up approach in language processing? (对外经贸2005研)
（分数：2.00）
A.Bottom-up processing is more effective than top-down processing in speech synthesis.
B.Bottom-up processing utilizes all information one has in speech perception. √
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C.Top-down processing us one's existing knowledge and the incoming speech signal.
D.Top-down processing is more efficient than bottom-up processing in speech comprehension.
解析：解析：在语言处理加工过程中，有两种方法，即从一般到具体的自上而下的方法和从具体到一般的自下而上的方法。其中自下而上的方法会用到言语感知中的所有信息。
7.______is defined as a conscious process of accumulating knowledge of a cond lang
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uage usually obtained in school ttings.
（分数：2.00）
A.Competence
B.Performance
C.Learning √
D.Acquisition
解析：解析：在学校里我们会学到第二语言，对第二语言知识的这种有意识的积累，叫做“学习"。
8.During language acquisition, children go through veral stages, during which stage they begin to have nsitivity to the phonetic distinctions ud in their parents' language.
（分数：2.00）
voted A.Holophrastic stage √
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B.Two word stage
C.Three word stage
D.Fluent grammatical conversation stage
解析：解析：孩子们的语言习得要经历三个阶段，单词句阶段，双词句阶段，以及三词句阶段。在单词句阶段，孩子们会对其父母话语中的语音特征特别敏感。
9.______is the study of psychological aspect of language.
（分数：2.00）
A.language acquisition √
B.applied linguistics
C.psycholinguistics
D.pragmatics
l ace解析：解析：语言习得是从心理学的角度来研究语言，主要研究儿童不自觉地自然地掌握母语的过程。
10.______does not belong to Construal Operations.
（分数：2.00）
A.Attention/ Salience
B.Judgment/ Comparison
&aphor and metonymy √
D.Perspective/ Situatednesss
解析：解析：识解操作是人类语言处理过程中概念化的过程，或者说，识解操作是理解语言表达方式所使用的基本心理过程和来源。包括(1)注意力／突显；(2)判断／对比；(3)视点／观察者位置。
三、 简答题(总题数：4，分数：8.00)
11.What is the purpo of studying language and mind? (南开大学2004研)
alleviation（分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________
正确答案：(正确答案：The study of language and mind aims to model the workings of the mind in relation to language; for example, it helps explain how the language production and perception is achieved. Since structures and connections in the mind are inevitably unobrvable, rearchers put forward hypothes bad on fragmentary clues. The label most usually given to the study of "language and mind" is psycholinguistics, a term which is often perceived as being trendy. Psycholinguistics is concerned primarily with investigating the psychological reality of linguistic structures.)
解析：
12.What is the cognitive interpretation of image schema? (北航2010研)
（分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________
正确答案：(正确答案：Image schema is a recurring, dynamic pattern of our perceptual interactions and motor programs that gives coherence and structure to our experience. Image schema exists at a level of abstraction, operates at a level of mental organization between propositional structures and concrete image, and it can be subdivided into the following items: a center-periphery schema, a continent schema, a cycle schema, a force schema, a link schema, a part-whole schema, a path schema, a scale schema and a vertical schema.)
解析：
13.How to understand a ntence?
（分数：2.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________
正确答案：(正确答案：Besides decoding sounds and lexical meanings, comprehension also includes untangling the meaning of ntences. There are a few elements influencing
the comprehension of ntences. The first is that the ambiguity of word meaning leads to difficulties in ntence understanding. The more complex information the word has, the more difficult the ntence is to be understood. The cond factor is that the linguistic structure of the ntence affects the processing time. Psycholinguists have addresd th phenomena of ntence comprehension in different ways. Firstly, rial models propo that the ntence comprehension system continually and quentially follows the constraints of a language's grammar with remarkable speed. Secondly, parallel models emphasize the comprehension system is nsitive to a vast range)
