初中英语常见词汇辨析

更新时间:2023-07-23 14:21:44 阅读: 评论:0

英语近义词辨析
1.辨析:such和so:二者都表示程度,“如此;这样”,其区别为:
such
形容词
Such+a/an+adj+可数名词单数
Its such an interesting story.
Such+adj+可数名词复数/不可数名词
I have such good books to read.
so
副词
So+adj/adv
Im so glad to hear from you.
So+adj+a/an+可数名词单数形式
Its so nice a day!
So+many/much/few/little+n
There are so many visitors in the park today.
注意:“such+a/an +adj+可数名词单数形式”可与“so+adj+a/an+可数名词单数形式”转换。
She is such a kind girl.=She is so kind a girl.
2.each和every
each
adj
强调个性,着眼于整体中的个体
Each school has its library.
每一所学校都有自己的图书馆
pron
He gave two to each.
Every
adj
强调共性,着眼于整体
Every child was dresd in a costume.
所有孩子都穿了演出服
注意:each不能与almost,nearly及not搭配使用,而every可以。
Almost every window was broken.
Not every student went on holiday.
Each不能用于否定句,在否定句中应用none。
None of the books are mine.
3.alone与lonely
东英吉利大学
Alone
形容词
单独的,独自的
常作表语
强调客观情况,数量上只有一个
副词
单独;独自
常作状语
lonely
形容词
孤独的;寂寞的
常作表语
强调主观感情,指心灵上的孤独,具有伤感色彩
witty
偏僻的,人迹罕至的
在名词前作定语
用来说明某地方荒凉
She was alone in the dark room.她独自一人呆在那间黑暗的屋子里。
He lives alone but he doesn’t feel lonely.他独自生活,但并不感到孤独。
It’s a lonely beach.那是一个人迹罕至的海滩。
4.stop doing sth与stop to do sth.
stop doing sth
停止做某事
指停止正在做的事情
stop to do sth.
停下来去做某事
指停止原来做的事情去做另外一件事
One of +可数名词复数:……之一,做主语时,谓语动词要用单三形式。
English is one of my favorite subjects.
One of my friends knows you.
5.few,a few与little,a little
修饰可数名词复数
修饰不可数名词
否定(几何没有;少)
few
little
肯定(有几个;少量)
A few
A little
There are few eggs on the plate,so I must buy some.
盘子里没几个鸡蛋了,所以我必须买一些
There are a few eggs on the plate,so I neednt buy any at once.
Theres little milk in the glass.杯子里没多少牛奶了。
Theres  a little milk in the glass.杯子里有一点牛奶。
6.Anyone:不定代词,“任何人”,相当于“anybody”,常用语否定句或疑问句中,代替“someone/somebody”。
anyone
只指人,不指物,且后面不接of 短语
载体是什么意思any  one
既可指人,又可指物,表示“任何一个”,后面可接of 短语
Anyone in my class knows any one of the singers and any one of their songs .
我们班上任何人都知道这些歌手中的任何一个和他们歌曲中的任何一首。
7.
Quite a few
相当多,不少,修饰可数名词复数。He will stay here for quite a few days
Quite a little
许多,相当多,修饰不可数名词There is quite a little water in the bottle.
8.
bored
厌倦的;烦闷的;感到无聊的
常做表语,用于说明人的感受
boring
无趣的;令人厌烦的;单调的
可做表语或定语,用于说明或修饰事物
The movie was so boring that almost everyone felt bored.
这类形容词:interest和interesting、excited和exciting、surprid和surprising
9.辨析:excited与exciting
excited
兴奋的;激动的,作表语,主语一般是人
四六级报名时间2020I’m so excited that were going to New York.
exciting
令人兴奋/激动的,作表语,主语一般是物;也可做定语
His work is exciting.
The boy was very excited  when he heard the exciting news.
10.⑴try:此处做vt,常后接名词、代词、动名词或不定式,意为“尝试、试图、设法;努力”
Try doing sth
尝试着做某事
表示一种尝试、做做看的想法,不一定付出很多努力
Try to do sth.
尽力、设法做某事
表示想尽一切方法要把事情做成,强调付出一定的努力设法去完成
Try做vi,意为“尝试、努力”   
I dont think I can do it ,but Ill try.
Try:做名词,尝试”,have a try.“试一试”
11.作“花费”:cost/spend/take /pay
spend
花费(时间、金钱等)
主语是人
常用结构:spend……on sth.和spend……doing sth.
cost
价格为;须支付
主语多为物
常用句型:Sth cost(s) sb some money
take
花费(时间)
It做形式主语,真正主语为后面的动词不定式
常用句型:It takes/took sb some time to do sth.
pay
支付(钱)
主语是人
常用结构:pay ……for sth.
I spent 200 yuan on a new coat.
Dont spend too much time watching TV.
The dictionary cost me 89 yuan.
It took Mr. Green an hour to finish his work yesterday.
I paid 15 yuan for the pen .
black and white
12.Through over across
through
表示从某个空间或内部“穿过;横过”
She walked through the forest alone.
Over
表示从某物的上方“越过”
A plane flew over the hou.
across
表示从某物的表面“横过,穿过”
He walked across the road carefully.
13.
however
然而;不过”,做副词
不能直接链接两个分句,须另起新句,用逗号隔开,表示一种补充关系。
but
“但是”,做连词
可连接前后两个分句,表示一种转折关系
It began to rain.However,we went out to look for the boy.
You may be right but I dont believe you.
14.
none
既可指人,也可指物可单独使用,也可和of连用,后跟不可数名词或可数名词复数all round③none of 与不可数名词连用做主语,谓语动词用单数;与可数名词复数连用做主语,谓语动词用单、复均可④用于回答“how many或how much ”开头的问句。
No one
只指人,不指物一般单独用,不与of 连用做主语时,谓语动词用单数④用于回答以who 开头的问句。
None of us went to the park.
No one wants to leave.
——who like that place?>
——no one.
15.
Hard-working
Adj,工作努力的;辛勤的”
He is a hard-working boy.
Hard work
名词短语,“辛苦的工作”,hard是adj,修饰不可数名词work
What hard work it is.
Work hard
短语动词,“努力工作”hard是副词,修饰work
He always works hard.
16.辨析:carry,bring,take与get
bridget
Carry
拿,提,扛
表示携带、搬运、运载,具有负重的含义,没有方向性
Plea carry this bag for me.
Bring
带来,拿来
指把人或物从别处带到说话者所在的地方
Bring the book to me, plea.
Take
拿走,带走
指把人或物从说话者所在的地方带到别处
Take my box to the room.
Get
去取来,去拿来
指到某地去把某人或某物带来或拿来
She has gone to get water.
17.辨析:lend,borrow与keep
例如
lend
“借给,借出”,非延续性动词,强调主语把自己的东西借出去
John lent his book to Mary last week.
borrow
“借入,借进”,非延续性动词,强调主语从别人那里借进某物
Mary borrowed the book from John last week.
keep
本意为“保存”引申为“借”,延续性动词,可与一段时间连用
Mary may keep the book for two weeks.
18.辨析:when和while
while
从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词
从句通常要用进行时,如果主句和从句中的动作是同时进行的动作或发生的事情,那么主句也要用进行时
when
从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词,也可以是非延续性动词
从句的时态多用一般现在时或一般过去时
I was sleeping while Tom was watching TV.
Jim was writing a letter when I came in.
另外,while 还可意为“而;然而”,表示两种情况的对比。
I like coffee while my sister likes tea.
19.
win
及物动词
意为“赢得”,宾语是比赛、战争、奖品、金钱等名词
不及物动词
意为“获胜”
beat
及物动词
bonfire意为“击败”,宾语是比赛或竞争的对手,即指人或团队的名词或代词
不及物动词
意为“殴打,(风雨等)拍打,(心脏)跳动”
We beat them and win the match.

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