幼儿口语Solar Tracker for Solar Water Heater Abstract
The Solar Tracker team was formed in the fall of 2005 from five students in an ME design team, and a Smart Hou liaison. We continued the work of a previous solar tracker group. The task was to design a prototype tracking device to align solar panels optimally to the sun as it moves over the cour of the day. The implementation of such a system dramatically increas the efficiency of solar panels ud to power the Smart Hou. This report examines the process of designing and constructing the prototype, the experiences and problems encountered, and suggestions for continuing the project. 1.Introduction
Solar tracking is the process of varying the angle of solar panels and collectors to take advantage of the full amount of the sun’s energy. This is done by rotating panels to be perpendicular to the sun’s angle of incidence. Initial tests in industry suggest that this process can increa the efficiency of a solar power system by up to 50%. Given tho gains, it is an attractive way to enhance an existing solar power system. The goal is to build a rig that will accomplish the solar tracking and realize the maximum increa in efficiency. The ultimate goal is that the project will be cost effective – that is, the gains received by incread efficiency will more than offt the one time cost of developing the rig over time. In addition to the functional goals, the Smart Hou t forth the other following goals for our project: it must not draw external power (lf-sustaining), it must be aesthetically pleasing, and it must hammerdrill
be weatherproof.
The design of our solar tracker consists of three components: the frame, the nsor, and the drive system. Each was carefully reviewed and tested, instituting changes and improvements along the design process. The frame for
the tracker is an aluminum prismatic frame supplied by the previous solar tracking group. It utilizes an ‘A-frame’ design with the rotating axle in the middle. Attached to the bottom of this square channel axle is the platform which will hou the main solar collecting panels. The frame itlf is at an angle to direct the panels toward the sun (along with the inclination of the roof). Its rotation tracks the sun from east to west during the day.
The nsor design for the system us two small solar panels that lie on the same plane as the collecting panels. The nsor panels have mirrors vertically attached between them so that, unless the mirror faces do not receive any sun, they are shading one of the panels, while the other is receiving full sunlight. Our nsor relies on this difference in light, which results in a large impedance difference across the panels, to drive the motor in the proper direction until again, the mirrors are not eing any sunlight, at which point both solar panels on the nsor receive equal sunlight and no power difference is en.
After evaluation of the previous direct drive system for the tracker, we designed a belt system that would be easier to maintain in the ca of a failure. On one end of the frame is a motor that has the drive pulley attached to its output shaft. The motor rotates the drive belt which then rotates the pulley on the axle. This system is simple and easily disasmbled. It is easy to interchange motors as needed for further testing and also allows for optimization of the final gear ratio for respon of the tracker.
As with any design process there were veral tbacks to our progress. The first and foremost was inclement weather which denied us of valuable testing time. Despite the tbacks, we believe this design and prototype to be a very valuable proof-of-principle. During our testing we have eliminated many of the repetitive problems with the motor
and wiring so that future work on the project will go more smoothly. We also have achieved our goal of tracking the sun in a ‘hands-off’demo. We were able to have the tracker rotate under its own power to the angle of the sun and stop without any assistance. This was the main goal t forth to us by the Smart Hou so we believe our nd motion prototype for solar tracking will be the foundation as they move forward in the future development and implementation of this technology to the hou.
allocate2. Defining the Problem高考3500词汇乱序版
The project was to complete the “REV 2” design pha of the solar tracker to be ud on the Smart Hou. While the team was comprid of members from the ME160 nior design cour, the customer for this project was to be the Smart Hou organization. Jeff Schwane, a reprentative from the Smart Hou, was our liaison and communicated to our group the direction Smart Hou leadership wished us to proceed.
At our first meeting with Jeff and Tom Ro, the following needs were identified:
1.Track the sun during the day
英国传统美食2.U no external power source
3.Weather proof
4.Cost effective power gain
5.Must look good
6.Solar panel can fit different types of
opportunitiespanels英语演讲范文
headmasterWith the needs in hand, we constructed a Quality Function Deployment chart. This chart can be found in Appendix A. The QFD showed the major areas of concern might have been: number of panels/size of panels, internal power requirements, motor torque required.
神探夏洛克第二季下载At our first meeting we were also able to t up our goals for the mester. Having a working prototype capable of
tracking the sun was to be the main goal for the end of the mester, but we soon found that in order to accomplish this, we would be forced to omit portions of the design criteria in hopes they would be worked out later. This would result in the optimization of platform space on the roof to be irrelevant, with our goal being to have one platform track. It also led to the assumption that our ba would not need to be tested for stability or required to be fastened to the roof. With an idea of where we were to begin, from scratch with the possibility of using the frame from the “REV 1” design, and an idea of where we were to finish, with a moving prototype, we constructed the Gantt chart that can be found in Appendix B. Our group planned to meet with Jeff once a week to make sure we were on track with the needs of the Smart Hou. Jeff would also meet with Tom Ro, the director of Smart Hou, at l
east once a week in order to keep everyone on the same page. With our goals in mind we embarked on the process of idea generation.
3. Concepts and Rearch
初中英语词组3.1 Tracking Type
Our group ud a brainstorming approach to concept generation. We thought of ideas for different solar tracking devices, which proved difficult at times due to the existing frame and concept prented to us by Smart Hou. Other concepts were generated through rearch of pre-existing solar tracking devices. Originally our concept generation was geared towards creating a completely new solar tracker outside of the constraints of the previous structure given to us by Smart Hou. This initial brainstorming generated many concepts. The first one was a uni-axial tracking system that would track the sun east to west across the sky during the cour of a day and return at the end of the day. This concept prented the advantage of simplicity and prented us with the option to u materials from the previous structure (which
was also intended to be a uni-axial tracker) in construction. Another more complex concept was to track the sun bi-axially which would involve tracking the sun both east to west and throughout the
asons. The advantage of this concept was a more efficient harvesting of solar energy. The third concept was to only track throughout the asons. This would provide small efficiency gains but nowhere near the gain provided by tracking east to west.
The different structures we came up with to accomplish tracking motion included a rotating center axle with attached panels, hydraulic or motorized lifts which would move the main panel in the direction of the sun, and a robotic arm which would turn to face the sun. The clear efficiency gains coupled with the simplicity of design of the uni-axial tracking system and the existence of usable parts (i.e. motor and axle) for the rotating center axle structure, led us to the choice of the East to West tracking, rotating center axle concept.
3.2 Structure
Once the method of motion was chon, it was necessary to generate concepts for the structural support of the axle. Support could be provided by the triangular prismatic structure which was attempted by the previous Smart Hou solar tracker group or through the u of columns which would support the axis on either side. While the prismatic structure prented the advantage of mobility and an existing frame, the columns would have provided us with ea of construction, simpl
e geometric considerations, and ea of prospective mounting on the roof. Due to the heightened intensity of time considerations, the previous financial commitment to the prismatic structure by Smart Hou, and our limited budget, the prence of the pre-existing frame proved to be the most important factor in deciding on a structure. Due to the factors we decided to work within the frame which was provided to us from the previous Solar
