巴塞尔银行监管委员会
《关于防止犯罪分子利用银行系统洗钱的声明》(1998) Prevention of Criminal U of the Banking System
英语三级考试试卷For the Purpo of Money-Laundering (1998)
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Preamble1[1]
promo1. Banks and other financial institutions may be unwittingly2[2] ud as intermediaries for the transfer or deposit of funds derived from criminal activity. Criminals and their associates3[3] u the financial system to make payments and transfers of funds from one account to another; to hide the source and beneficial ownership of money; and to provide storage for bank-notes through a safe deposit facility4[4]. The activities are commonly referred to as money-laundering.
2. Efforts undertaken hitherto5[5] with the objective of preventing the banking system from being ud in this way have largely been undertaken by judicial and regulatory agencies at national level. However, the increasing international dimension of organid criminal activity, notably in relation to the narcotics trade, has prompted6[6] collaborative initiatives at the international level. One of the earliest s
uch initiatives was undertaken by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe7[7] in June 1980. In its report the Committee of Ministers concluded that "... the banking system can play a highly effective preventive role while the cooperation
of the banks also assists in the repression8[8] of such criminal acts by the judicial authorities and the police".In recent years the issue of how to prevent criminals laundering the proceeds of crime through the financial system has attracted increasing attention from legislative authorities, law enforcement agencies and banking supervisors in a number of countries.
3. The various national banking supervisory authorities reprented on the Basle Committee on Banking Regulations and Supervisory Practices9[9] do not have the same roles and responsibilities in relation to the suppression of money-laundering. In some countries supervisors have a specific responsibility in this field; in others they may have no direct responsibility. This reflects the role of banking supervision, the primary function of which is to maintain the overall financial stability and soundness of banks rather than to ensure that individual transactions conducted by bank customers are legitimate. Nevertheless, despite the limits in some countries on their specific responsibility, all members of the Committee firmly believe that supervisors cannot be indifferent to the u made of banks by criminals.
4. Public confidence in banks, and hence their stability, can be undermined by adver publicity as a result of inadvertent10[10] association by banks with criminals. In addition, banks may lay themlves open to direct loss from fraud, either through negligence in screening11[11] undesirable customers or where the integrity of their own officers has been undermined through association with criminals. For the reasons the members of the Basle Committee consider that banking supervisors have a general role to encourage ethical standards of professional conduct among banks and other financial institutions.
5. The Committee believes that one way to promote this objective, consistent with differences in national supervisory practice, is to obtain international agreement
to a Statement of Principles12[12] to which financial institutions should be expected to adhere.
6. The attached Statement is a general statement of ethical principles which encourages banks’ management to put in place effective procedures to ensure that all persons conducting business with their institutions are properly identified; that transactions that do not appear legitimate are discouraged; and that cooperation with law enforcement agencies is achieved. The Statement is not a legal document and its implementation will depend on national practice and law. In particular, it sho
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uld be noted that in some countries banks may be subject to additional more stringent13[13] legal regulations in this field and the Statement is not intended to replace or diminish tho requirements. Whatever the legal position in different countries, the Committee considers that the first and most important safeguard against money-laundering is the integrity of banks’ own managements and their vigilant14[14] determination to prevent their institutions becoming associated with criminals or being ud as a channel for money-laundering. The Statement is intended to reinforce tho standards of conduct.
7. The supervisory authorities reprented on the Committee support the principles t out in the Statement. To the extent that the matters fall within the competence of supervisory authorities in different member countries, the authorities will recommend and encourage all banks to adopt policies and practices consistent with the Statement. With a view to its acceptance worldwide, the Committee would also commend the Statement to supervisory authorities in other countries. Statement of Principles
I. Purpo
Banks and other financial institutions may unwittingly be ud as intermediaries for the transfer or de我知道的英文
posit of money derived from criminal activity. The intention behind such transactions is often to hide the beneficial ownership of funds. The u of
the financial system in this way is of direct concern to police and other law enforcement agencies; it is also a matter of concern to banking supervisors and banks’ managements, since public confidence in banks may be undermined through their association with criminals.
越狱第一季下载This Statement of Principles is intended to outline some basic policies and procedures that banks’ managements should ensure are in place within their institutions with a view to assisting in the suppression of money-laundering through the banking system, national and international. The Statement thus ts out to reinforce existing best practices among banks and, specifically, to encourage vigilance against criminal u of the payments system, implementation by banks of effective preventive safeguards, and cooperation with law enforcement agencies.
英语三级成绩查询II. Customer identification
With a view to ensuring that the financial system is not ud as a channel for criminal funds, banks should make reasonable efforts to determine the true identity of all customers requesting the institution’s rvices. Particular care should be taken to identify the ownership of all accounts and th上海画画培训
o using safe-custody facilities15[15]. All banks should institute effective procedures for obtaining identification from new customers. It should be an explicit policy that significant business transactions will not be conducted with customers who fail to provide evidence of their identity.
III. Compliance with laws
Banks’ management should ensure that business is conducted in conformity with high ethical standards and that laws and regulations pertaining16[16] to financial transactions are adhered to. As regards transactions executed on behalf of customers, it is accepted that banks may have no means of knowing whether the transaction stems from or forms part of criminal activity. Similarly, in an international context it may be difficult to ensure that cross-border transactions on behalf of customers are in compliance with the regulations of another country. Nevertheless, banks should not
t out to offer rvices or provide active assistance in transactions which they have good reason to suppo are associated with money-laundering activities.
IV. Cooperation with law enforcement authorities
Banks should cooperate fully with national law enforcement authorities to the extent permitted by sp
hotissueecific local regulations relating to customer confidentiality. Care should be taken to avoid providing support or assistance to customers eking to deceive law enforcement agencies through the provision of altered, incomplete or misleading information. Where banks become aware of facts which lead to the reasonable presumption that money held on deposit derives from criminal activity or that transactions entered into are themlves criminal in purpo, appropriate measures, consistent with the law, should be taken, for example, to deny assistance, ver relations with the customer and clo or freeze accounts.17[17]
V. Adherence to the Statement
All banks should formally adopt policies consistent with the principles t out in this Statement and should ensure that all members of their staff concerned, wherever located, are informed of the bank’s policy in this regard. Attention should be given to staff training in matters covered by the Statement. To promote adherence to the principles, banks should implement specific procedures for customer identification and for retaining internal records of transactions. Arrangements for internal audit may need to be extended in order to establish an effective means of testing for general compliance with the Statement.
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