10.Using Language
decencyUsing Language Accuately
Using Language Clearly
Using Familiar Words
Choo Concrete Words
Eliminate Clutter
Using Language Vividly
Imagery
Rhythm
Using Language Appropriately
Appropriateness to the Occasion
Appropriateness to the Audience
Appropriateness to the Topic
Appropriateness to the Speaker
Using Language Inclusively
Words are the tools of a speaker's craft. They have special us, just like the tools of any other profession. Have you ever watched a carpenter at work? The job that would take you or me a couple of hours is done by the carpenter in 10 minutes-with the right tools. You can't drive a nail with a screwdriver or turn a screw with a hammer. It Is the same with public speaking. You must choo the right words for the job you want to do.
Good speakers know how to u language accurately, clearly, vividly, appropriately, and inclusively. This chapter will explore each of the areas.
penn Using Language Accurately
Using language accurately is as vital to a speaker as using numbers accurately is to an accountant. One study-abroad student found this out the hard way. Speaking to a meeting of host families in London, he stated that all the sighteing had been "tiresome." What he meant was that visits to tourist attractions such as Windsor Castle and the Hous of Parliament had been "tiring"-that they had made him tired. But that is not the meaning of "tiresome." It means boring, ‘annoying, dull, and uninteresting-hardly the message the speaker meant to communicate!
Every word has shades of meaning that distinguish it from ever)r other word. As Mark Twain said, "The difference between the right word and the almost right word is the difference between lightning and the lightning bug."
If you look in a thesaurus, you will find that the following words are listed as thesaurus synonyms:
victory accomplishment success
All mean roughly the same thing-a favorable outcome. But all the words have different shades of meaning. See if you can fill in the best word to complete each of the ntences below:
1.My cousin’s most important_______ this year was getting an A in calculus.
朝鲜语2.Chen Xiaodan’s business________ results from a combination of hard work and street smarts.
天津dj3.Yang Wei's_______ on the high bar gave him the men’s individual all around gold medal in the 2008 Olympic Games.
The best answers for the three statements areunusualness:
1. accomplishment 2. success 3. victory
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Each of the words means something a little different from the others, and each says something special to listeners*
As you prepare your speeches, ask yourlf constantly, "What do I really want to say? “What do I really want to say? What do I really mean?" When in doubt, consult a dictionary or thesaurus to make sure you have the best words to express your ideas.
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People are different. What makes perfect n to some may be nonn to others. You cannot assume that what is clear to you is clear to your audience. Listeners, unlike readers, cannot turn to a dictionary or reread an author's words to discover their meaning. A speaker's meaning must be immediately comprehensible; it must be so clear that there is no chance of misunderstanding. You can ensure this by using familiar words, by choosing concrete words over abstract words, and by eliminating verbal clutter.
USE FAMILIAR WORDS
One of the biggest barriers to clear speech is using big, bloated words where short, sharp ones will do the job better. This is especially true when it comes to technical language that may be familiar to the speaker but not to the audience. Yet, if you work at it, you will almost always be able to translate even the most specialized topic into clear, familiar lang
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Here, for instance, are two passages explaining the devastating effects of a pregnant woman's drinking on her unborn child. The first passage is technically accurate, but it contains too many obscure words:
The deleterious effects of alcohol on the unborn child are very rious. When a pregnant woman consumes alcohol, the ethanol in the bloodstream easily cross the placenta from mother to child and invades the amniotic fluid. This can produce a number of abnormal birth syndromes, including central-nervous-system dysfunctions, growth deficiencies, a cluster of facial aberrations, and variable major and minor malformations.
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