朗文英语听说教程二听力原文_Unit_01
Unit 1 What’s in a Name?
TEACHER: Good morning, everybody. Good morning, Felipe, Monica, Theo, . . . and I can’t remember your name.
STUDENT 1: Patricia.
TEACHER: Right, Patricia. Tho are all beautiful names, and that’s our topic today—names. Names are a cultural universal. This means everyone us names. A person’s name can tell us a bit about a person’s family. Today, we’ll begin by looking at first names and how people choo names for their children. And then we’ll talk about family names, and look at the different categories of family names. Although the scope of the lecture today is English-language names, we can u the same approach, you know, to look at names from any culture.
Let’s take a brief look at first, or given, names. There are veral ways parents choo the f
irst name for their child.
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The first way is by family history. Parents may choo a name becau it is pasd from generation to generation; for example, the firstborn son might be named after his father or grandfather. Although family names are also pasd to daughters, it is usually as a middle name. Adding “junior” or “the cond”—for example, William Parker the cond—is only done with boys’, not with girls’ names.
The cond way parents choo a name is after a family member or friend who has died recently, or after someone they admire, like a well-known leader or a famous musician. Although most English first names mean something, for example, “Richard” means powerful and “Ann” means grace, nowadays meaning is not the main reason people lect their baby’s name.
The third way is to provide a “push”for the child. Parents want to choo a name that sounds very “successful.” A strong name might help them in the business world, for example. Or they might choo a name that works for either gender, like Taylor or Terry.
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So, given the three methods, what is the most common way parents choo a name? Many parents choo a name simply becau they like it, or becau it’s fashionable or classic. Fashions in names change just as they do in clothes. One hundred years ago, many names came from the Bible—names such as Daniel, and Anna, and Hannah and Matthew. Then, fifty years ago, Biblical names went out of fashion. Nowadays, names from the Bible are becoming popular again. Similarly, parents often choo classic names, names that were popular in 1900, 1950, and are still popular now. Classic names for boys include Thomas, David, Robert, and Michael. And for girls: Anna, Elizabeth, Emily, and Katherine, just to name a few. They’re classic. They never go out of style.
隐之书Let’s look at the origin of last names, also called family names or surnames. Rearchers have studied thousands of last names, and they’ve divided them into four categories. The categories are: place names, patronymics, added names, and occupational names. A recent survey showed that of the 7,000 most popular names in the United States today, 43 percent were place names, 32 percent were patronymics, 15
percent were occupational names, and 9 percent were added names.
google 英文The first category is place names. Place names usually identified where a person lived or worked. Someone named John Hill lived near a hill, for example, and the Rivers family lived near a river. If you hear the name Emma Bridges, . . . what image do you e? Do you e a family that lives near a bridge? If you do, you get the idea.in189
The cond category is patronymics. That’s P-A-T-R-O-N-Y-M-I-C-S. A patronymic is the father’s name, plus an ending like S-E-N or S-O-N. The ending means that a child, a boy, is the son of his father. The names Robertson, Petern, and Wilson are patronymics. Robertson is son of Robert, Petern is son of Peter, and so on.
The third category is added names. Linguists sometimes call this category “nicknames,” but when most of us hear the word “nickname,”we think of a special name a friend or a parent might u. The word “nickname” is actually an old English word that means an additional name, an added name. So I’ll u the term “added name.”This category of last names is fun becau the names usually described a person. Reed, Baldwin, and Biggs are examples. Reed was from “red” for red hair. Baldwin was someone who was bald, someone who had little or no hair. And Biggs?
STUDENT 2: Someone big?
钿头银篦击节碎TEACHER: Yeah, someone big, right. Now, if we look around the room, we could probably come up with some new last names, like, uh, Curly or Strong.
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issi元旦快乐用英语怎么说Now, the fourth category is occupational names. The origin of the family name was the person’s occupation. The most common examples of occupational names still ud today are Baker (someone who bakes bread), Tailor (someone who ws clothes), Miller (someone who makes flour for bread), and Smith. . . . Now, Smith is actually the most common name in the western English-speaking world. The name comes from an Old English word, smite, that’s S-M-I-T-E, which means to hit or strike. In the old days, a smith made metal things for daily life, like tools. Every town needed smiths. What’s interesting is that many languages have a family name that means Smith. In Arabic it’s Haddad, H-A-D-D-A-D. In Spanish it’s Herrera, H-E-R-R-E-R-A. In Italian it’s Ferraro, F-E-R-R-A-R-O. And in German it’s Schmidt, spelled S-C-H-M-I-D-T. All the names mean smith.
