高中英语语法通霸4：
同位语从句和定语从句的区别
例题：
He told me the news this morning ______ his father had come back.
A. which B. that C. which or that
答案是B。那么A为什么不可以呢？
要弄明白这个问题，就要搞清楚定语从句和同位语从句的区别。同位语从句和定语从句很相似，但还是有区别的，区别主要在以下三方面：
A.从词类上区别
同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promi, order等有一定内涵的名词；而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词，主句的一部分或是整个主句。如:
1We are now looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.
我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题。（同位语从句）
2Word came that he had been abroad.
据说他已经出国了。（同位语从句）
3Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.
我们队赢了,这让我们很高兴。（定语从句）
B.从性质上区别
定语从句对其先行词起修饰或限制作用，功能上相当于形容词；而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释，是名词的具体内容，属于名词性从句的范畴。如：
1The news that our team has won the game was true.
我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。
（同位语从句，说明news到底是一个什么消息）
2The news that he told me yesterday was true.
昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。
（定语从句, 指他告诉我的消息）四六级考试时间12月
3I made a promi that if anyone t me free I would make him very rich.
我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有。
（同位语从句,补充说明promi的内容）
4The mother made a promi that plead all her children.
妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺。
（定语从句, promi在从句中作plead的主语）
C.引导词上的区别
莱斯大学
i.引导词that引导定语从句时，ibelieve什么意思作从句的一个成分，有时可用which替换，作宾语时常常省略；而that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用which来代替。
例：判断下列句子是同位语从句还是定语从句。
1The order that we should nd a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.
我们应派几个人去帮别的小组的命令昨天收到了。beilin
2The order that we received yesterday was that we should nd a few people to help the other groups.
我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。
解析：
①是同位语从句，是对order的具体解释，that虽不作成分，不能换为which, 也不能省略。
②是定语从句，是名词order的修饰语，that在从句中作received的宾语，可以换为which，也可以省略。
ii.how, whether, what虽不能引导定语从句，却可引导同位语从句；who, who, whom, which, when, where, why除引导定语从句外，也可引导同位语从句。fairy（参看P. 141第1讲）
iii.定语从句的引导词反映的是先行词的意思，而同位语从句的引导词在意思上和前面的词没有联系。
1The reason that he gave for his coming late was not true.
2The reason that his alarm clock was broken was not true.
在①中，that的意思是reason, 在定语从句中作give的宾语。在②句中，that只起连接作用，不含有the reason的意思。
superstar什么意思
iv.在定语从句中，关系副词可以换为“介词+关系代词”，而引导同位语从句的连接副词却不能换为“介词+连接代词”的形式。
1The suggestion where he stresd the importance of exercising was very practical.
2The suggestion where we should exerci regularly is very practical.
在上面的句①中，where可以换为in which；在句②中，where不能换为in which。
例：爱在我心中判断下列句子是同位语从句还是定语从句。
1That question whether we need it has not been considered.
2I have no idea what has happened to him.
3I haven’t answered the question how I will deal with it.
4The school where Bob studies is in the middle of the city.
5The decision when we should get started hasn’t been made.
解析：①、②、③是同位语从句，它们是在说明前面词的内容, whether, what和how不能引导定语从句。
④是定语从句，where反映的是先行词的意思，可以换为in which。
⑤是同位语从句。从句是在说明decision的内容。when并没有反映the decision的意思。when也不能改为 at which time。
练习
1.The news ______ he has been elected president of the United States is true.
A. that B which C. what D. where
2.The news ______ you told me yesterday is true.
A. that B when C. what D. where
英语七年级上册
3.【2006重庆】Nobody believed his reason for being abnt from the class ______ he had to meet his uncle at the air port.
administrativeA. why B. that C. where D. becau
4.Is this the reason ______ he explained q329950885 at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. that B. what C. how D. why
5.Galileo collected the facts ______ proved the earth and all the other planets move around the sun.
A. that B. which beegC. / D. A and B
6.Galileo discovered the fact ______ the earth and all the other planets move around the sun.
A. that B. which C. / D. A and B
7.【2006安徽】A warm thought suddenly came to me ______ I might u the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.
A. if B. when C. that D. which
