高中英语新课标词汇和短语讲解与最新考纲对照
总 表
注:标注“#”符号为非考纲词汇。
一、基本词汇
A
a (an) art. 一(个,件…)
⑴表示一个:She has a clever son.
⑵表示每个:we have 3 English class a week.
start up⑶表示某个:The book is /was written by a student.
⑷表示某类之一:I am a teacher. He is a doctor.
⑸第一次提到的人或物用不定冠词表示,再次提到时 用定冠词:I have a bike;the bike is green.
⑹用于可数名词单数形式前,表示类别:
A teacher must love his student.
⑺用于表示价格,速度,比率,时间等意义的名词前:
3 times a day; 10 yuan a meter.
⑻用于抽象名词前,表示一种:a new culture
⑼用于句型:“a∕an +Mr. ∕Mrs./ Miss.+姓氏”中:
a Mr. Wang
⑽用于某些短语中:a lot of ; have a good time
abandon: abandon onelf to沉缅于, 陷入
vt.放弃(=dert)遗弃,丢弃,放肆, 放纵;沉湎于:
abandon one's idea放弃自己的想法
He abandoned his wife and child.
他遗弃了他的妻子和孩子。
They abandon themlves to drinking.他们沉湎于饮酒。
Do not abandon yourlf to despair.不要悲观失望。
n.放肆; 放纵; 尽情; 任意
The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms with abandon.那些女孩子跳上跳下尽情地挥舞着手臂。
abandoner n.放弃者;【律】遗弃者
abandon , dert , forsake 这三个动词的含义是“丢弃”。
abandon 的确切含义是失去控制,或丧失了占有的能力,或“放弃”某物而不准备再要了。
abandoning bad habits
dert 的确切含义是“过去占有过”或“过去是伙伴”。狭义地讲,这个词指“抛弃自己的义务”。
a derted village空无一人的村庄
a derted street at night夜里无人的大街
the derted wife and children被遗弃的妻子儿女
forsake 通常表示与某人或某物脱离联系。
to forsake one's former belief放弃过去的信仰
to forsake one's old friend背离老朋友
He was forsaken smoking for years.他戒烟已有多年了。
3.ability n. 能力;才能 -ties能力;本领;才能
We found him work more suited to his abilities.
我们为他找到了更容易发挥他才能的工作。
to the best of one's ability竭尽全力
disability n.无力, 无能, 残疾
inability n. 无能male>cotton是什么意思, 无力
4.able a. 能够;有能力的
be able to do
近义词 be capable of doing
I'm quite capable of taking care of mylf.
我完全有能力照顾自己。
# abnormal a. 反常的testreport,变态的
an abnormal phenomenon反常现象家
unnatural adj.不自然的;异常的;不合自然规律的
5. aboard prep. 上(船,飞机,火车,汽车等)
1)go aboard.上船[飞机,车]=go aboard the plane;passport
2)All aboard!;请上船[飞机,车]
6.abolish vt.废除,革除,消灭
Abraham Lincoln abolished slavery in the United States.
There are many bad customs and laws that ought to be abolished. 许多不良的习俗和法规应予以废除。
They petitioned the government to abolish hanging.
他们向政府请愿bellows,要求废除绞刑。
The legislature pasd a law to abolish the surtax.
立法机关通过了一项废除附加税的法令。
The weapons of war must be abolished before they abolish us.
在作战武器消灭我们以前,我们应先把它消灭。
7.about ad.大约;trampling到处;prep.关于;在各处;四处;
be about to do sth. when正要做某事突然…
8.above adj.上面的, 上述的, 上文的,
prep.在…上面在that从句...上方, 过于, 超出
above all首先;尤其;最重要的是;
above onelf过于自信,自负
be above sth不屑于, 超出...
from above自高处,自上级
above and beyond大于;多于;
9.abroad adv. 到国外,去国外
We hear that he went abroad recently.
我们听说他最近出国了。
He was abroad from 1970 to 1996.
他从1970年至1996年住在国外。
We can’t go abroad this year, so we’ll have to content ourlves with a holiday in London.
我们今年不能出国,所以只好在伦敦度假了。 注意abroad是副词,不是名词,因此不能与 in, to, at 等介词连用；其前也不用冠词：
正：He went abroad last year. 他去年出国了。
误：He went to abroad last year.
误：He went to the abroad last year.
abroad 之前虽不能用 in, to 之类的介词,但可用介词 from：
He just came back from abroad. 他刚从国外回来。 注意搭配： at home and abroad 国内外 / be all abroad 感到莫明其妙
10.abrupt突然的, 陡峭的,生硬的;不连贯的
an abrupt turn急转弯
an abrupt descent陡峭的斜坡
in an abrupt manner无礼的态度
an abrupt entrance闯入
11.abnce n. 不在,缺席
12.abnt a不在的河南中招服务平台官网成绩查询, 缺席的, 缺少的,
be abnt from 不在的; 没有出席
Long abnt, soon forgotten.[谚]别久情疏。
abnt onelf from缺席, 不在
13.absolute完全的, 绝对的
14.absorb吸收, 吸引
be absorbed by被...吞并, 为..所吸收
be absorbed in全神贯注在...,一心从事,热衷于
absorb sb.'s attention吸引某人注意
# abstract摘要, 概要, 抽象; 抽象的;非具体
to make an abstract of把...的要点摘录下来
abstract noun抽象名词
in the abstract抽象地, 观念上, 理论上的
# absurd荒谬的, 可笑的
# abundant丰富的, 充裕的, 丰富, 盛产, 富于
be abundant in=be rich in盛产
# abu滥用, 虐待, 辱骂
15.academic a&n学术的,人文学科的;大学教师
# academy(高等)专科院校,研究院,学术团体,学院
16.accelerate v加速, 促进,
He decided to accelerate his advertising.
17.accent n重音, 口音,
18.accept vt&vi 接受
She offered him a lift and he accepted (it).
她请他坐她的车,他就领情了。
He has been accepted /admitted by Beijing University.
He asked her to marry him and she accepted (him).
他向她求婚,她同意了。
比较：accept 与 receive用法不同,前者通常指被动地“收到”或“接到”,而后者则指主动地“接受”。
She received his prent, but she didn’t accept it.
她收到了他的礼物,但是没有接受。
accept2021上半年四六级报名时间后可接名词或代词作宾语,但一般不接不定式。要表示汉语的“接受做某事”,可用agree to do sth。
His idea was such a good one that we all agreed to u it.
19.access n&vt进入,通道 ;接近access to接近,通向
20.accessible易接近的,可到达的,易受影响的,
an accessible person温和的人;
An open minded person is accessible to reasons.
