现在分词作状语详解
教学⽬标：讲解现在分词作状语及区分不定式、现在分词作状语的异同
junior是什么意思
重点难点：
1.现在分词和不定式作状语时，其逻辑主语⼀般应与句⼦的主语保持⼀致。
2.分词作状语时，要看它同句⼦主语之间的关系，以确定是现在分词还是过去分词。
3.注意⾮谓语动词与句⼦谓语动词的时间关系，以确定分词的时态形式
4、弄清⾮谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系，以确定⾮谓语动词的语态形式.
5. 连词+分词形式（分词作状语的省略问题）
6.不定式作结果状语和现在分词作结果状语的区别。
7. 现在分词的独⽴主格结构和评价性状语
Step 1 lead in
朗读下⾯⼀⾸唐诗，找出其中的现在分词形式
Thinking in the Silent Night 静夜思
Before my bed there is bright moonlight 床前明⽉光
So that it ems that frost on the ground. 疑是地上霜西安成人教育
Lifting my head, I watch the bright moonlight. 举头望明⽉
Lowering my head, I dream tha t I’m home. 低头思故乡
Step2 现在分词作状语的意义
动词的现在分词作状语，修饰动词，相当于状语从句，在句中表⽰时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、⾏为⽅式或伴随情况及独⽴成分等，作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句⾸；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。
⼀. -ing分词短语作时间状语，代替⼀个时间状语从句(引导词有when ,while )
温馨提⽰：
1．现在分词所表⽰的动作与主句的动作⼀般是同时发⽣，有时可由连词when, while引出。
2．现在分词所表⽰的动作⼀发⽣，主句的动作就⽴即发⽣时。如：
语言翻译机When she saw tho pictures，she remembered her childhood.
=Seeing tho pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，她想起了⾃⼰的童年。
As soon as he heard the good news, he jumped with joy.
=（0n）Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy.
他⼀听到这个好消息，就⾼兴地跳起来。
⼆．-ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于⼀个原因状语从句。(引导词有becau ,as ,since)
教训英文如：As he was ill, he didn't go to school yesterday
=Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. 由于⽣病，他昨天没有上学。
三．-ing分词也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于⼀个条件状语从句。(引导词有if,unless,once)
If you work hard, you will succeed.
=Working hard, you will succeed.
如果你勤奋⼀点，你就会成功。
If you turn to the left, you will find the path leading to the school.
=Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the school.
如果你向左转，你就会找到到学校取得路。
四．表⽰让步，相当于让步状语从句（引导词有although,though,even if ,even though）
Although they knew all this，they made me pay for the damage.
= Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了⼀切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。
五．现在分词可以做⽅式状语、伴随状语，表⽰⾏为⽅式、伴随情况或补充说明，是主语的另⼀个、较次要的动作，相当于⼀个由and引导的并列结构。
She came into the hou,and carried a lot of books.
=She came into the hou, carrying a lot of books. 她捧着许多书⾛进了房间。
He lay on the grass, and stared at the sky for a long time.
=He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. 他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
温馨提⽰：伴随状语出现的条件是由⼀个主语发出两个动作或同⼀个主语处于两种状态，或同⼀个主语发出⼀个动作时⼜伴随有某⼀种状态。
六．现在分词表⽰主句的动作所带来的必然结果，相当于⼀个并列谓语
His father died, and left him a lot of money.
=His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他⽗亲死了，留给他许多钱。
She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, and broke it into pieces.
=She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
她⾮常⽣⽓，把玩具扔在地上，摔成了碎⽚。
Step 2考点解读
分词作状语应注意的问题
A. 分词作状语的⾸要条件是分词的逻辑主语是句⼦的主语。
动词的分词形式作状语时，其逻辑主语⼀般应与句⼦的主语保持⼀致。Entering the classroom, I found nobody in it. ⾛进教室，我发现⾥⾯没⼈。（entering的逻辑主语是I，相当于when I entered the classroom, I found nobody in it.）
如分词表⽰的动作不是句中主语发出或承受的，那就是误⽤。
课堂巩固练习：判断下列句⼦正误
1. 从窗户看出去，我们看见⼀个漂亮的花园。
a. Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful.
b. Looking out through the window, we saw a beautiful garden.
2. 我看着晚报的时候，⼀只狗开始叫起来。
a. Reading the evening newspaper, a dog started barking.
b. I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.
3. 听到这个消息，我的眼泪忍不住流下来。
a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her face.
b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly.
4.等公汽的时候，⼀块砖头砸在我的头上。
aoxinga. waiting for the bus , a brick fell on my head.
b.waiting for the bus ,I was hit by a brick on the head.
5.打开窗户，⼀只蝴蝶飞进来了。
a. Opening the window, a butterfly flew into my room.
b. Opening the window, I saw a butterfly flying into my room.
6.如果你努⼒学习，你的梦想⼀定会实现。
a.Working hard with a strong will, your dream will certainly come true
b.Working hard with a strong will, you'll certainly make your dream come true
B. 独⽴结构
分词的逻辑主语如不能和句⼦中的主语保持⼀致，该-ing形式必须有⾃⼰的逻辑主语，通常有名词或代词来担任，成为独⽴主格结构，独⽴结构可以表⽰伴随动作或情况, 表⽰时间、原因、条件等。
但要注意主格词和主句的主语不能表⽰同⼀概念，主格词和分词的动作是主谓关系结构是：
形式：主格词+doing
主格词+being +adj
there being +n,
辨别正误
因为天⽓好，我们下周将举⾏运动会。
a. Being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week.
b. It being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week.
练习：把下⾯句⼦改成独⽴主格形式
1.If the weather permits, we’ll go out on an outing.
=Weather permitting, we’ll go out on an outing.
天⽓许可的话，我们就去郊游。
2. Becau it is Sunday, we needn't go to school.
=It being Sunday, we needn't go to school.
因为是星期天，我们不需要上学。
3.Since there was no bus,we had to walk home .
=There being no bus ,we had to walk home .
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因为没有车，我们不得不⾛回家。
4.As the boy led the way, we had no trouble finding the village.
The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the village.
因为有这个男孩带路，我们毫不费⼒地找到了这个村⼦。
lyc>英文翻译中文转换器⼩结：当主从句主语不⼀致时，分词和逻辑主语构成.独⽴主格.
例如：Time permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. 天⽓允许的话，⾜球赛将在周五举⾏。（permitting的逻辑主语是time，⽽不是the football match）The professor being abnt ,the lecture had to be put off.
教授缺席了，演讲不得不推迟。
The meeting being over, they all left the meeting room.
会议结束了，他们都离开了会议室。
课堂巩固练习
2019专四答案1. _________,I will go over all the lessons before the exam.
A. If time will permit
B. Time permits
C. Time permitted
D. Time permitting
2. I carefully poured the liquid into the water , my classmates _______anxiously beside me to e what would happen.
A. stood
B. standing
C. to stood
D. were standing
注意：有⼀种习惯表达作评价性状语，表⽰说话⼈的态度，观点和看法等，就不必考虑与主句的主语之间的逻辑关系，因为说话者就是分词的逻辑主语，它们的逻辑主语可以和句⼦的主语不⼀致
必背：
分词或分词短语作独⽴成份（作状语或插⼊语）
Generally / Frankly / Roughly speaking⼀般说来/坦⽩说/粗略地说，judging by/from…从……来看，依据……来判断，eing that 考虑到，allowing for 鉴于，顾及到，talking/speaking of谈及……，Taking …into consideration把…考虑在内
其中的considering …鉴于/考虑到……，following继…之后，concerning关于，regarding关于，respecting关于，owing to …由于……就是介词）
例如：
Generally speaking, boys are more interested in science than girls. ⼀般说来，男孩⽐⼥孩对科学更感兴趣。
Judging from his accent, he must come from Canada. 从他的⼝⾳看，他⼀定来⾃加拿⼤。
Supposing it rains ，what will you do 假使下⾬，你会怎么办呢？
Talking of cleaning, it’s about time you cleaned the classroom.
谈到打扫卫⽣，该你打扫教室了。
C．⾮谓语作状语时，要看它同句⼦主语之间的关系。
和句⼦主语构成主动关系时，⽤现在分词作状语，和句⼦主语构成被动关系时，⽤过去分词作状语
对⽐练习：
a.________from the top of the building, we saw the hou like a match box.
b.________from the top of the building, the hou looks like a match box.
A. Seen
B. Seeing
C. To e
D.Seecaroline
辨别正误：
1.因为漆成了⽩⾊，房⼦看起来更美了。
a. Painting white , the hou looks more beautiful.
b. Painted white ,the hou looks more beautiful.
2. 受到他的话的⿎励，我开始认真学习。
a.Encouraging by her words, I got down to studying hard.
b. Encouraged by her words, I got down to studying hard
课堂练习
1.The cretary worked all night long, ____ a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare
B. preparing
C. prepared
D. was preparing
2.____ to hospital in time, the wounded soldiers were saved at last.
A. Taken
B. Taking
C. Having taken
D. Being taken
⽐较下列句⼦
3. 1）._________one of the leading poets in America today,he has also written a number of books and plays.
2）._______________the price ,the car is worth buying .
3）.All things ________,the plan trip will have to be called off.
A. be considered
B. considered
C. considering
D. having considered
4..1）the first place in the maths examination, liufang got another first in the English contest.
2）.The professor entered the lecture hall , by many students.
3）.Many students entered the lecture hall ,___________the professor.
A. following
B. followed
C. to follow
D. being followed
D. 分词或分词短语作状语时，前⾯可以加上连词，但是分词短语和句⼦之间不能⽤并列连词(如but，and,so ,or)，因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分，⽽分词短语只是全句的⼀个状语部分，分词和主句之间可⽤逗号。
辨别正误：1.尽管被告知了很多次，但是他仍然不能理解。
