和不定式一样，-ing分词也有逻辑主语，即-ing分词及其短语说明的对象。-ing分词的逻辑主语有下述几种情况：
1. -ing分词的逻辑主语通常是句中的某一词语：
1)-ing分词作谓语的组成部分、宾语、主语补语和状语时，句子的主语通常是它的逻辑主语。例如：
What are you doing there?
I like getting up early.
The film is worth eing again.
Pearl is fond of wearing her long hair.
Mike is found working in the garden.
They are in England visiting relatives.
2)-ing分词作宾语补语时，宾语时它的逻辑主语。例如：
I saw him running for the bus.
I heard her singing in the next room.
With the tree奥巴马演讲下载 growing tall, we get more shade.
3)-ing分词作定语时，被修饰的名词及其短语是它的逻辑主语。例如：
Do you know the way leading to the station?
There are a lot of boys playing in the garden.
4)有时-ing分词的逻辑主语包含在句中。例如：
Thank you for coming.
Their leisure time is spent playing cards.
Seeing her so thin and pale shocked him.
The mother told the childrentext not to talk while eating.
Don’t be angry with me for not having written to you.
2. -ing分词的逻辑主语在下述情况下不表示出来：
西语1) 逻辑主语是泛指的人时。例如：
octal( ) Seeing is ( ) believing.
( ) Borrowing large sums of money is a big mistake.
melbourneThere is ( ) no telling when he will come.
2) 作插入语时，逻辑主语时说话人。例如：
Generally speaking, boys are more mischievous than girls.
Strictly speaking, you have no right to do that.
Judging from what you say, he had done his best.
3) 逻辑主语从上下文可以看出而把它省去时。例如：
Mr White suggested ( )taking more exerci.
Cathy was against( )cancelling the meeting.
I don’t like the idea of( )spending so much money.
clearly3.-ing分词可以有自己的逻辑主语，由-ing分词短语的一部分表示。这种带有逻辑主语的-ing分词短语叫做-ing分词复合结构（complex construction of the -ing participle）,有下列三种：
1）用名词或代词的属格形式标示，在非正式文体中用名词的通格或代词的宾格形式表示。这种-ing分词复合结构通常在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。例如：
It’s no u your telling me not to worry.
I can’t understand his/him leaving so suddenly.
What upt them was Helen’s leaving for New Zealand.
dad是什么意思中文I don’t approve of a woman walking by herlf late at night.
没有属格形式的代词或不易构成属格的名词及其短语通常都用通格形式表示。例如：
I object to anybody smoking in my room.
I have never thought that being possible.
I didn’t notice the door being shut.
Do you remember lishowmy mother and me coming to e you?
2)用名词的通格或代词的主格形式表示。这种-ing分词复合结构和句子其余部分无语法联系，因此又叫做-ing分词独立结构（absolute construction of the -ing participle）,通常在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、补充说明等。
例如：
Such being the ca, we have to go ahead by ourlves.
Weather permitting, we shall go for an outing this Sunday.
We divided the work, she taking one half and I the rest.
3)用结构词there作不及物动词be的-ing分词短语的逻辑主语，表示存在，这种结构通常用作宾语和状语。例如：
Henry denied there being anything rious in the argument.
No one would have dreamed of there being such a good place.
小贝退役
There being no bus, we had to go there on foot.
There being no evidence of his crime, the prisoner was t free.
洪恩少儿英语4.有些-ing分词的逻辑主语既不是泛指的人而又不能从句中看出，这种-ing分词叫做无依着-ing分词(unattached/dangling -ing participle)。无依着-ing分词在语法上和逻辑上都是不合理的，应当避免使用，但在非正式文体中不致引起误解时也可以使用。例如：
All the work in the factory is done sitting down.
When dining in the restaurant, a jacket and tie and required.
Rather an amusing thing happened while dressing that morning.
In preparing the formula, care must be taken to measure the ingredients carefully.
When drawing up a contract for the sale of goods, it is necessary to give a detailed description of the goods.
