完形填空解题技巧: 语义复现
（本文所选例句来自于2011-2017年全国卷高考真题）
高考完形填空是测试学生综合运用语言能力的一种题型。 它要求学生不但具有阅读理解的能力，驾驭语法结构的能力，辨析词义的能力，而且还要具有较强的逻辑思维、分析和判断能力，同时对各类词法、句法、上下文逻辑关系、语义搭配以及写作技巧等还需具有较强的运用能力。一篇内容充实、结构合理、行文流畅的短文所依赖的不只是词汇和语法，更多的是篇章技巧。完形填空毕竟不同于单项选择，作为一个意思连贯、结构完整的语篇，其中篇章技巧的使用是完形填空解题中至关重要的手段。由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，围绕一个话题论述，因此，行文中词语的重复、替代、复现等现象是不可避免的。根据这个原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现的相关词,根据这些词之间的有机联系就可以确定答案。所以，解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，利用上下文寻找解题信息，如某一个词的原词、同根词、同义词或近义词、反义词等。我们把这个解题方法称为语义复现法。
在解完形填空的过程中,我们可以利用语义复现法迅速地找到正确答案。
一、原词复现大同中学：上下文中有同一概念(语义)出现，考生可以借助这一信息选择正确答案。如：
1 (2012年全国卷) But whatever the situation is, the best advice is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be 55 _________.
55. A. noticed B. treated C respected D. plead
2 加州大学欧文分校(2013年全国卷) But people in the streets know about him, especially tho who are 22 _________.
22. A. old B. busy C. kind D. poor
在下文中几次出现many poor NewYorkers和help the poor，属于原词复现。
3 (2015年全国卷) Then my 17-year-old suggested giving him a 47 _________. I thought about it. …When I handed him the gift card, saying he could u it for…
47. A. dollar B. job C. hot meal D. gift card
4 (2016年全国卷)That meant beating out Miller King, who was the best 42 ________ at our school....We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player, ...
42. A. coach B. student C. teacher iquit D. player
protested二、同根词复现：考生可以借助同根词来确定答案。如：
1 (2014年全国卷sfile) For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about playing with their new toys…. Adolescents enter high school with great
50 __________but are soon looking forward to graduation .
50. A. courage B. calmness C. confusion D. excitement
2 (2017年全国卷) This newness just left me wanting more....Now, I appreciate the silence and the 60_________way of communication it opens.
60.A.easy B.popular C.quick D.new
三、同义词、近义词复现：同义词、近义词复现是借助意思相同或相近的表达方式，或解释性的语言使上下文的语义得以连接起来。做题时，考生应注意分析上下文中出现的解释性语言。如：
1 (2015年全国卷) I had the chance of eing this first hand on a 44_________....This led to some painful experiences on Saturday as they played against teams...
44. A. trip B. holiday C. weekend D. square
下文Saturday与选项weekend属于同义词复现。
2 (2017年全国卷) While high school does not generally encourage students to exploreclimate怎么读 new aspects of life,college ts the stage for that exploration. I mylf went through this 41 _________process and found something ...
41. A. arching B. planning C. natural D. formal
上文explore与选项arching属于同义词复现。
3 形容词大全(2017年全国卷) After that, feeling the need to explore further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL club`s meetings. ... I then made it a point tostand by me shinee 55 _________tho meetings and learn all I could.
55. A. chair B. sponsor C. attend D. organize
上文drop in与选项attend属于近义词复现。
四、反义词复现：语意的连贯有时通过对比结构而采用反义复现的手段，或者是以反义的方式对前文加以解释。做题时考生应注意分析这类概念复现，从反义的角度判断正确的选项。如：
1 (2011年全国卷) After listening to shouts of wildly wrong guess the professor smiled a thin,dry smile,announced the 40 ________ answer,and ...
40．A.ready B.possible C.correct D.difficult
上文中wrong guess和选项correct (answer)形成反义词复现。
2 (2014年全国卷) He thought that Joe must be 58 __ 英语招聘广告, …Joe was there, a few meters from their tent, still alive.
58. A. dead B. hurt C. weak D. late
下文中alive和选项dead形成反义词复现。
五、同一语义场复现：空格处的信息与上文或者下文的某一个词同属于一个语义场。如：
1 (2011年全国卷) One woman's car, for example, went into the river. She woke up in four feet of 39 _________and thought it was raining.
39. A. dust B. water C. grass D. bush
上文中river 和选项water属于同一语义场复现。
2 (2012年全国卷)That night there was a phone call for me from a lady who was a director at a larger 37 __________. She asked me if I would give a one-day lecture on stress (压力) management to 200 medical workers.
37. A. hospital B. factory C. restaurant D. hotel
下文中的medical和选项hospital属于同一语义场复现。
3 (2016年全国卷) One more look and he noticed 45________shooting out from under the disabled vehicle. Larry pulled over, t the brake and got hold of the fire extinguisher (灭火器).
45.A. flames B.smoke C. water D. steam
下文中extinguisher和选项flames属于同一语义场复现。
六、结构复现： 有时空格处的信息并不是与前句或后句中某个词的重复,可能是与前句或后句中某个短语结构的语义相同或相近。如：
韩文学习1 (2012年全国卷) I was driving a school bus to make ends meet and 24 _________with a friend of mine, for I had lost my flat.
24. A. working B. travelling C. discussing D. living
