Translate the following terms from English into Chine.把下列术语翻译成中文
1.duality of structure _________结构的二元性_______________
2.General Linguistics ________普通语言学________________
3.voiceless consonant _________清辅音_______________
5.free morpheme ________自由词素________________
6.immediate constituent ________直接成份________________
7.Componential Analysis ________成份分析________________
8.American Structuralism ________美国结构主义________________
< morph _________零语子_______________
10.structural ambiguity _________结构歧义_______________
11.productivity _________多产性______________
12.linguistic competence __________语言能力______________
13.manner of articulation _________发音方法_______________
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14.intonation language _________语调语言_______________
15.allophone __________音位变体______________
16.inflectional morpheme _________曲折语素_______________
17.phra marker __________短语标记______________
18.denotation __________指示______________
19.Systemic-Functional Grammar __________系统功能语法______________
20.bound morpheme __________粘着语素______________
21.cultural transmission __________文化传播______________
22.Descriptive Linguistics __________描写语言学______________
23.derivational morpheme ___________派生词素_____________
< language ___________声调语言_____________
27.syntax ___________语法_____________
30.free variation _______自有变异_________________
31.displacement __________取代______________
32.paradigmatic relation __________集合体关系______________
33.voiced consonant __________浊辅音______________
34.minimal pair __________极小对______________
35.phoneme __________音位______________
36.lexical ambiguity __________词法的歧义性______________
38.language acquisition device __________语言习得机制______________
40.alien __________相异______________
41.design feature __________设计特点______________
42.Theoretical Linguistics __________理论语言学______________
43.diphthong __________双元音______________
46.ultimate constituent __________主要成分______________
< __________类型______________
49.dependency __________从属______________
50.denizen __________居民______________
51.arbitrariness __________任意______________
52.linguistic performance ___________语言行为_____________
53.vowel ___________元音_____________
54.free variation ___________自由变异_____________
55.derivational morpheme _________派生词素_______________
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56.surface structure __________表层结构______________
59.Innateness Hypothesis __________天赋假说______________
61.interchangeability _______可交换性_________________
62.syntagmatic relation ________结构关系________________
63.pure vowel _________纯元音_______________
64.intonation language _________语调语言_______________
65.bound morpheme __________粘着语素______________
66.linguistic competence __________语言能力______________
67.deep structure __________深层结构______________
68.mantic field __________语义场_____________
70.manner of articulation ___________发音方法_____________
71.discreteness ___________组件_____________
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73.immediate constituent __________直接成分______________
74.place of articulation __________发音部位______________
75.phoneme ___________音位；音素_____________
< morph _________零语子_______________
77.structural ambiguity __________结构歧义______________
78.hyponymy __________上下位关系______________
< of discour ___________语旨_____________
80.Componential Analysis __________成分分析______________
Answer the following questions.回答一下问题
1.What are the differences between grammatical competence and pragmatic competence?
2.What is the difference between free morphemes and bound morphemes? Illustrate it with examples.
3.What are the three syntactic relations? Illustrate them with examples.
4.What does it mean to say that language is arbitrary? Illustrate it with examples.
5.What is the difference between tone languages and intonation languages? Illustrate it with examples.
6.Explain the differences between inflectional affixes and derivational affixes in terms of both function and position.
7.What does it mean to say that language is a system? Illustrate it with examples.yields
8.What is the difference between an empty morph and a zero morph? Illustrate it with examples.
9.What are the differences between surface structure and deep structure? Illustrate them with examples.
10.What does it mean to say that language is symbolic? Illustrate it with examples.sanagi
11.What is a morpheme? Illustrate the relationship between morphemes, morphs, and allomorphs with examples.
12.What are the three general types of antonyms? And how do they differ from each other?
13.What are the three sub-branches of phonetics? How do they differ from each other?
14.What does Semantic Filed Theory mainly propo? Illustrate it with examples.
15.What is the difference between gmental features and supra-gmental features? What are the supra-gmental
features in English?
16.What are the design features of languages?
17.How does denotation differ from connotation? Illustrate their difference with examples.
18.Why do we say “absolute synonyms are rare or even non-existent”? Illustrate it with examples.
19.What does it mean to say that language is dual-structured?
20.What does compounding mean? Illustrate with examples the differences between hyphenated compounds, solid
compounds and open compounds?
21.What are the esntial factors for determining ntence meaning? Illustrate them with examples.
22.How does a diachronic description of a language differ from a synchronic description of a languag
e? Illustrate their
difference with examples.
23.What are the three conditions for forming a minimal pair? Illustrate it with examples.
24.What does clipping mean in morphology? Illustrate with examples the difference between back clipping, front
clipping, front and back clipping, and phra clipping.
Practical work.
Write the symbol that corresponds to each of the following phonetic descriptions：写对应于每一个下面语音描述的符号
Example: a voiceless velar plosive [k]
1) a voiced bilabial plosive __ [b] ____
2) a voiceless labiodental fricative __ [f] ____
3) a voiced bilabial nasal __ [ m ] ____
4) a high front unrounded vowel __[ i ]___
5) a voiced bilabial glide __[w]____
6) a voiceless dental fricative __[θ]____
cau7) a voiced labiodental nasal __[ŋ] ____
8) a mid central unroudned vowel ___[ə:] ___
9) a voiced velar plosive __ /g/ ____
10) a voiceless alveolar fricative _[θ:]_____
11) a voiced alveolar liquid __ ____
12) a mid back rounded vowel __[ɔ:] ____
13) a voiced dental fricative __[ ð ] ____
14) a voiceless alveo-palatal affricative __ / ʃ /____
15) a voiced post-alveolar liquid __ /ʒ/ ____
16) a high back rounded vowel __ [u] ____
17) a voiceless bilabial plosive ___[p]___
18) a voiced alveolar fricative __[s]____
19) a voiceless post-alveolar affricate __ [t̠ʃ] ____
suole20) a low front unrounded vowel __[a]____
21) a voiceless alveo-palatal fricative __t____
22) a voiced post-alveolar affricate __[z]____
伊利诺伊理工大学23) a voiceless palatal plosive __[c]____
24) a mid front unrounded vowel _[ε]___
25) a voiceless alveolar plosive __ [t] ____
26) a voiced alveolar nasal ______
27) a voiced palatal glide ______
28) a low central unrounded vowel __Λ____
29) a voiced alveo-palatal fricative __x____
30) a voiceless dental fricative __[θ]____
31) a voiced alveo-palatal affricate ______
32) a low back rounded vowel _[ɔ]_____
Divide the following words into parate morphemes by placing a “+” between each morpheme and the next:
teddy是什么意思
Example: bookshelf = book + shelf
1)manly = man+ly
2)encourage = en+cour+age
3)placement = place+ment
4)agreement = agree+ment
5)affixes =
6)footprint = foot+print
7)underestimation= under+estimation
8)disapproval = dis+approval
9)gentleman = gentle+man
