构词法简介Word Formation
构词法(Word Formation)
1. 派生(Derivation)
2. 转化(Conversion)
3. 合成(Compounding)
how to keep healthy
4. 混合(Blends)
5.其他构词法
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1.派生(Derivation)
通过加前缀或后缀构成另一个词
1). 后缀(suffix)
*名词后缀
-or actor sailor
-ist scientist
-ment achievement movement
-(a)tion preparation exception
-y difficulty discovery
灵格斯翻译软件*形容词后缀
-ful uful cheerful
-able comfortable enjoyable
-ed manned cultured
-less careless fearlesstforth
-ive active decisive
-an European Indian
*动词后缀
-ize realize modernize
-en widen strengthen
*副词后缀
-ly really extremely
-ward backward eastward
*数词后缀
-teen fourteen fifteen
-ty forty fifty
-th ninth twelfth
2). 前缀(prefix)
一般不造成词类的转变,只是引起
意思的变化
e.g. un-(不,或做相反动作) unhappy undo
im-(不) impossible impolite
re-(重新) retell rewrite
mis-(错误的) misunderstand misspell
个别前缀会引起词类的变化
e.g. en-(使得…) endanger enlarge
a- asleep awake
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2. 转化(conversion)
一般拼写不变,但是词类发生了变化,puls
有时发音也变化
e.g. water n. 水 ---- water v. 浇水
record n. 记录,唱片---- record v. 记录,录音
dirty adj. 脏的---- dirty v. 弄脏
world
3. 合成(Compounding)
由两个或更多的词合成一个词
e.g. wood(木)+cut(刻)=woodcut(木刻)
lucerne man(人)+kind(种类)=measuremankind(人类)
air(空气,空中)+sick(恶心的,晕的)=airsick(晕机的)
broad(宽的)+band(波段)=broadband(宽频的,波带宽的)
4. 混合词(blends)
把两个词取一部分合在一起,构成新词
e.g. hi-tech=high+technology
e-school=electronic+school
smog(guppy烟雾)=smoke+fog
brunch=breakfast+lunch
5.其他构词法
如:缩写
IT=information technology
ad= advertiment