Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) Name: Date: Patient’s
Instructions: Ask the questions in the order listed. Score one point for each correct respon within each question or activity.
(Adapted from Rovner & Folstein, 1987)
Instructions for administration and scoring of the MMSE
Orientation (10 points):
•Ask for the date. Then specifically ask for parts omitted (e.g., "Can you also tell me what ason it is?"). One point for each correct answer.
•Ask in turn, "Can you tell me the name of this hospital (town, county, etc.)?" One point for each correct answer.
Registration (3 points):
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•Say the names of three unrelated objects clearly and slowly, allowing approximately one cond for each. After you have said all three, ask the patient to repeat them. The number of objects the patient names correctly upon the first repetition determines the score (0-3). If the patient does not repeat all three objects the first time, continue saying the names until the patient is able to repeat all three items, up to six trials. Record the number of trials it takes for the patient to learn the words. If the patient does not eventually learn all three, recall cannot be meaningfully tested.
•After completing this task, tell the patient, "Try to remember the words, as I will ask for them in a little while."
Attention and Calculation (5 points):
•Ask the patient to begin with 100 and count backward by vens. Stop after five subtractions (93, 86, 79, 72, 65). Score the total number of correct answers.
•If the patient cannot or will not perform the subtraction task, ask the patient to spell the word "world"
backwards. The score is the number of letters in correct order (e.g., dlrow=5, dlorw=3).
Recall (3 points):
•Ask the patient if he or she can recall the three words you previously asked him or her to remember. Score the total number of correct answers (0-3).新托福考试
Language and Praxis (9 points):
•Naming: Show the patient a wrist watch and ask the patient what it is. Repeat with a pencil. Score one point for each correct naming (0-2).
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•Repetition: Ask the patient to repeat the ntence after you ("No ifs, ands, or buts."). Allow only one trial. Score 0 or 1.
•3-Stage Command: Give the patient a piece of blank paper and say, "Take this paper in your right hand, fold it in half, and put it on the floor." Score one point for each part of the command correctly executed.
• Reading:On a blank piece of paper print the ntence, "Clo your eyes," in letters large enough for the patient to e clearly. Ask the patient to read the ntence and do what it says. Score one point only if the patient actually clos his or her eyes. This is not a test of memory, so you may prompt the patient to "do what it says" after the patient reads the ntence.
•Writing: Give the patient a blank piece of paper and ask him or her to write a ntence for you. Do not dictate a ntence; it should be written spontaneously. The ntence must contain a subject and a verb and make n. Correct grammar and punctuation are not necessary.
•Copying: Show the patient the picture of two intercting pentagons and ask the patient to copy the figure exactly as it is. All ten angles must be prent and two must interct to score one point.
Ignore tremor and rotation.
(Folstein, Folstein & McHugh, 1975)
Interpretation of the MMSE
Method Score
Interpretation Single Cutoff <24 Abnormal
Range <21
>25
Incread odds of dementia
Decread odds of dementiaslight
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21
emingly<23
46级
<24
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Abnormal for 8th grade education
Abnormal for high school education
Abnormal for college education
Severity 24-30
18-23
soil0-17
No cognitive impairment
Mild cognitive impairment
Severe cognitive impairment
Sources:
•Crum RM, Anthony JC, Bastt SS, Folstein MF. Population-bad norms for the mini-mental state examination by age and educational level. JAMA. 1993;269(18):2386-2391.
rough是什么意思•Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. "Mini-mental state": a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12:189-198.
•Rovner BW, Folstein MF. Mini-mental state exam in clinical practice. Hosp Pract. 1987;22(1A):99, 103, 106, 110.
•Tombaugh TN, McIntyre NJ. The mini-mental state examination: a comprehensive review. J Am Geriatr Soc.
1992;40(9):922-935.
