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篇一：
Climate change may be real， but it’s still not easy being green少儿英语故事
How do we convince our inner caveman to be greener?We ask some outstanding social scientists。
A) The road to climate hell is paved with our good intentions。 Politicians may tackle polluters while scientists do battle with carbon emissions。 But the most pervasive problem is less obvious： our own behaviour。 We get distracted before we can turn down the heating。 We break our promi not to fly after hearing about a neighbor’s rip to India。 Ultimately， we can’t be bothered to change our attitude。 Fortunately for the planet， social science and behavioral economics may be able to do that for us。
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B)Despite mournful polar bears and carts showing carbon emissions soaring， mot people find it hard to believe that global warming will affect them personally。Recent polls b
y the Pew Rearch Centre in Washington， DC， found that 75-80 per cent of participants regarded climate change as an important issue。 But respondents ranked it last on a list of priorities。
愕然的意思>groove C) This inconsistency largely stems from a feeling of powerlessness。 “When we can’t actually remove the source of our fear， we tend to adapt psychologically by adopting a range of defen mechanisms，” says Tom Crompton， change strategist for the environmental organization World Wide Fund for Nature。
D) Part of the fault lies with our inner caveman。 Evolution has programmed humans to pay most attention to issues that will have an immediate impact。“We worry most about now becau if we don’t survive for the next minute， we’re not going to be around in ten years’ time，” says Professor Elke Weber of the Centre for Rearch on Environmental Decisions at Columbia University in New York。 If the Thames were lapping around Big Ben， Londoners would face up to the problem of emissions pretty quickly。 But in practice， our brain discounts the risks—and benefits—associated with issues that lie some way ahead。
E) Matthew Rush worth， of the Department of Experimental Psychology at the University of Oxford， es this in his lab every day。 “One of the ways in which all agents em to make decisions is that they assign a lower weighting to outcomes that are going to be further away in the future，” he says。 “This is a very nsible way for an animal to make decisions in the wild and would have been very helpful for humans for thousands of years。”
F) Not any longer。 By the time we wake up to the threat pod by climate change， it could well be too late。 And if we’re not going to make national decisions about the future， others may have to help us to do so。
G) Few political libraries are without a copy of Nudge： Improving Decisions About Health， Wealth and Happiness，by Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein。 They argue that governments should persuade us into making better decisions—such as saving more in our pension plans—by changing the default options。 Professor Weber believes that environmental policy can make u of similar tactics。 If， for example， building codes i
微笑英文ncluded green construction guidelines， most developers would be too lazy to challenge them。2013英语二真题
H) Defaults are certainly part of the solution。 But social scientists are most concerned about crafting messages that exploit our group mentality(心态)。 ”We need to understand what motivates people， what it is that allows them to make change，” says Professor Neil Adger， of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Rearch in Norwich。 ”It is actually about what their peers think of them， what their social norms are， what is en as desirable in society。” In other words， our inner caveman is continually looking over his shoulder to e what the rest of the tribe are up to。中学生学习网站
I) The passive attitude we have to climate change as individuals can be altered by counting us in—and measuring us against—our peer group。 “Social norms are primitive and elemental，” says Dr。 Robert Cialdini， author of Influence： The Psychology of Persuasion。 “Birds flock together， fish school together， cattle herd together … just perceiving norms is enough to cau people to adjust their behavior in the direction of the crowd。”
J) The norms can take us beyond good intentions。Cialdini conducted a study in San Diego in which coat hangers bearing messages about saving energy were hung on people’s doors。 Some of the messages mentioned the environment， some financial savings， others social responsibility。 But it was the one that mentioned the actions of neighbours that drove down power u。
K) Other studies show that simply providing the facility for people to compare their energy u with the local average is enough to cau them to modify their behaviour。 The Conrvatives plan to adopt this strategy by making utility companies print the average local electricity and gas usage on people’s bills。
服装搭配培训 L) Social science can also teach politicians how to avoid our collective capacity for lf-destructive behaviour。 Environmental campaigns that tell us how many people drive SUVs unwittingly (不经意地) imply that this behaviour is widespread and thus permissible。 Cialdini recommends some careful framing of the message。 “Instead of normalising the undesirable behaviour， the message needs to marginali it， for exam
ple， by stating that if even one person buys yet another SUV， it reduces our ability to be energy-independent。”
