第2节 五大解题技法
技法一 利用上下文暗示解题
[解题技法分述]
在多数空白前后的上下文中，会出现或多或少的设空依据，就是所谓的“伏笔”或“暗示”。考生在阅读过程中会根据这些伏笔或暗示，或顺势对下文进行推测，或逆向对上文进行推导，心中往往能预判出答案，并且在阅读过程中对预想答案不断进行修正。
[经典案例分析]
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my cond year at the city college，I was told that the education department was offering a “free”cour，called Thinking Chess，for three credits.I41.jumped at the idea of taking the class becau，after all，who doesn't want to 42 a few dollars？More than that，I'd always wanted to learn chess.And，even if I weren't 43 enough about free credits，news about our44.instructor was appealing enough to me.He was an international grandmaster，which45.meant I would be learning from one of the game's 46 .I could hardly wait to47.meet him.
42．A.waste B．earn
C．save D．pay
43．A.excited B．worried
C．moved D．tired
46．A.fastest B．easiest
C．best D．rarest
[思路分析] 根据第一句的a“free”cour可知课程是免费的，我欣然接受，毕竟谁不想节省几美元呢？故42空选 C ；根据44空后面的appealing可知，即使我对自由学分不感兴趣，可是关于这门课程教师的消息却对我有足够的吸引力，故43空选 A ；根据45空前的an international grandmaster可知他是一位国际大师，这意味着我将师从最佳国际象棋选手之一，故46空选 C 。
(2018·江苏高考)Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment.Their savings had been 36 to pay lawyers' fees.To make matters wor，Moth was diagnod(诊断)with a 37 dia.There was no 38 ，only pain relief.
Failing to find any other way out，they decided to make a 39 journey，as they caught sight of an old hikers'(徒步旅行者)guide.
36．A.drawn up B．ud up
C．backed up D．kept up
37．A.mild B．common
C．preventable D．rious
38．A.cure B．luck
Cxiaoahuo．care D．promi
39．A.business B．walking
C．bus D．rail
[思路分析] 根据36空后面的to pay lawyers' fees可知，为了支付律师的费用，他们的积蓄都用光了，故36空选 B ；根据38空后面的only pain relief可知，只能缓解疼痛，没法治愈，这说明疾病很严重，故37空选 D ，38空选 A ；根据39空后面的sfilean old hikers'(徒步旅行者)guide可知，他们决定作一次徒步旅行，故sheffield39空选雅思备考 B 。
技法二 利用词汇复现解题
[解题技法分述]
完形填空的文章虽短，但却是一个意义完整、上下关联的语篇，所讨论的是同一主题，所以行文中的替代现象和词语重复是不可避免的。词汇的复现是指某一词以原词、指代词、同义词、反义词、概括词等出现在语篇中，句子通过这种复现得到了相互衔接。完形填空的某个空白处的答案可能就是上下文复现的相关词，据此可快速找出正确答案。
[经典案例分析]
(2018·天津高考)I learned this lesson from a(n)17.experience many years ago.I took the head 18 job at a school in Baxley，Georgia.It was a small school with a weak football program.
It was a tradition for the school's old team to play against the 19 team at the end of spring practice.The old team had no coach，and they didn't even practice to 20.prepare for the game.Being the coach of the new team，I was excited becau I knew we were going to win，but to my disappointment we were defeated.
18．A.operating B．editing
C．consulting D．coaching
19．A.successful B．excellent
C．strong D．new
[思路分析] 根据北京中考时间202020空后面的Being the coach of the new team可知，我担任新队的教练，那么通过coach的复现我们可锁定18空选 D ；根据19空前的old可知，老队和新队进行一场比赛是一种传统，这样通过old的反义词复现可锁定19空选 D ，后面old和new的再次出现更加印证了答案。
corrections (2017·全国卷Ⅲ)A Toronto man is offering a free round-the-world air ticket to the right woman.But 41.restrictions apply.You must be named Elizabeth Gallagher and have a Canadian 42 .
Jordan Axani,28，said he and his then girlfriend，Elizabeth Gallagher，booked heavily discounted round-the-world air tickets in May，but their 43.relationship ended and he did not want her ticket to 44.go to waste.The ticket had a strict no-transfer(不可转让)45.policy，
but since passport information was not required when 46 ，any Canadian Elizabeth Gallagher can 47.u it.
42．A.origin B．passport
C．accent D．friend
46．A.applying B．booking
C．checking D．bargaining
[思路分析] 根据45空后面的passport information was not required可知，当时不需要提供护照信息，只要有护照就能够申请，故42空选 B ；根据43空前面的booked heavily discounted round-the-world air tickets in May可知，在五月订购了一张打折很多的机票，故46空选 B 。
技法三 利用习惯搭配解题
[解题技法分述]
完形填空经常在文章中考查词语的习惯搭配，主要考查动词与名词、代词之间，动词、名词、形容词与介词之间的搭配。熟悉并掌握固定搭配是解题的重要手段。
[经典案例分析]
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Maurice Ashley was kind and smart，a former graduate returning to teach，and this48. job was no game for him; he meant business.In his introduction，he made it 49 that our credits would be hard-earned.In order to50.pass the class， among other criteria，we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and,52.eventually，to our lives.I managed to get an A in that53.cour and learned life lessons that have rved me well beyond the54.classroomassigned.
49．A.real B．perfect
Cagree的意思．flickclear D．possible
51．A.add B．expo
kudou
C．apply D．compare
[思路分析] 49空所在的句子说，在他的介绍中，他明确表示这些学分不容易得到。make ...clear意为“把……说清楚”为固定短语，故49空选 C ；51空所在的句子说，为了通过这门课，我们必须写一篇论文，讲述我们如何计划将在课堂里所学的知识应用于未来的职业中。apply ...to ...“将……应用于……之中”，为固定短语，故51空选 C 。
