学点英文谚语 了解西方文化
为了学好英语,特别是为了提高英语写作和翻译水平,了解和熟悉一些英文谚语和格言十分必要。这些谚语源远流长,反映了前人在生活实践中所积累的经验和教训,既富有知识性和哲理性,又形象生动、通俗易懂。由于谚语大多韵律和谐,读来朗朗上口,听来印象深刻,所以比较容易记忆。如果再与我国相应的谚语和成语加以比较,就更易于人们全面掌握、正确使用。
我们将分几次陆续介绍一些常用的英文谚语,并提供必要的解释和例句,供读者学习、鉴赏。
(1)A fool at forty is a fool indeed.
孔子云:四十而不惑。又云:年四十而见恶焉,其终也已。 (The person who at the age of forty still evokes the dislikes of others is a hopeless ca.) 西谚谈的也是这个意思,只不过换了一种说法:到了四十岁还不懂得生活的人,就真的是一个愚人。正如另一句西谚所说,Life begins at forty. 由此看来,四十岁是不惑之年,是一个人领悟生活真谛的开始,在这一点上,无论是东方抑或是西方,都有着共鸣。
. John never lived up to the expectations of his family. Twenty years after college, he has accomplished nothing. Which reminds us of the proverb, "A fool at forty is a fool indeed!"
mangrove
(2)Tho who live in glass hous should not throw stones.
这句话很有意思,字面意思为:“ 住在玻璃房子里的人不应该向他人扔石块。” 因为当别人以同样的方式回击时,他就会损失惨重。孔子有相似的论断,但境界更高:“己所不欲,勿施于人”。在西方,《圣经》中也有类似的警句。
. Washington likes to accu other governments of violating human rights. However, tho who live in glass hous should not throw stones. Why not try, instead,to eliminate the numerous human rights violations in the United States?
Man propos, God dispos。
这个说法最早见于14世纪,起初以 “If man propos evil, God dispos of it。syphilis” 的形式出现, 意思是上帝会阻止想要为恶的人。这里的God, 既可以指上帝, 又可以指天意。
就像我们常说的“尽人事, 听天命”、“谋事在人,成事在天”一样, 尽力而为之后, 还要顺从自然的规律。 毕竟,人类是自然的一部分, 凡事皆不可强求, 与自然的和谐是人类的生存之本。
give me everything
e口语交际练习题。g。 A: Bob, how about tomorrow’s driving test?Sure to pass,huh?
B: I don’t know。 I’ve done enough, I’d say。 Anyway, man propos, God dispos。 I am praying for good luck。
It is a sin to steal a pin。
该句的字面意思是: 即使是偷一根针也是一种罪过。还记得那句古训吗?“勿以恶小而为之, 勿以善小而不为。”冀望之切,溢于言表。不要因为犯的是小错就可以听之任之。
e。g。 Honesty is the best policy。 Never covet what is not yours, for it is a sin to steal a pin。
If you play with fire, you get burnt。
正如西方谚语所说:Fire is a good rvant but a bad master。
火在人们的掌控之下时是人类股掌之上的可爱精灵:篝火给人温暖,烟花处处讨人欢心。可是一旦它的力量过大,就凌驾于人类之上,再不受人的掌握。权力亦是如此,当它逐渐膨胀不可收拾时,就成为一个暴戾的君王,统治人们的言行。所谓“玩火者必自焚”,铤而走险的盲目举动会招致无穷祸患。
e。g。 The abu of power has nt many people into jail, which shows that playing with fire could get you burnt。
Revenge is a dish that could be eaten cold。
很形象的一句谚语。所有的菜肴都必须趁热吃,唯独revenge是个例外。“君子报仇,十年未晚。”
e。g。 He has done rious wrong to his friends。 You just wait and e。 They will not let him go scot-free。 Revenge is a dish that could be eaten cold。
There is no smoke without fire。
无风不起浪,有水才行船。任何事情的发生都是有前兆的,“流言”的兴起有时也不完全是无中生有。虽然说是“坐得船头稳,不怕浪来颠”(相似的西谚是“Do right and fear no man。”),但风起于青萍之末,一只蝴蝶扇动翅膀就可能引起大洋彼岸的一场大风暴。做人、谋事,谨慎为佳。
e。g。 "No smoke without fire," said the detective。
"Smoke signals can be misread," countered Sloan。
Every dog has its day。
这里的day,是指opportunities, 即成功的机会;而dog 则泛指那些地位低下、似乎没有出息的人。“士别三日,当刮目相看”,落魄的人若发奋图强,总会有出头之日。
(又作All dogs have their days。)
e。g。 You must not look down upon him。 Though poor and gloomy。 he could turn out to be outstanding one day。 As the saying goes, every dog has its day。
toy boxIf you lie down with dogs, you will get up with fleas。
这是一句很经典的谚语,也就是我们中文里说的“近朱者赤,近墨者黑”。 在这条英文谚语中体现出来的只是“近墨者黑”的一面。虽然中文里还有成语“出污泥而不染”一说,但环境对于人的影响仍然不可小觑。
e。g。 -Harry! How come you’re back so late? Where’ve you been?
drift什么意思-Just to a friend’s。
-To a friend’s? Just for a glass of liquor, huh? You’re going to be drowned in liquor, I’d say! If you lie down with dogs, you’ll get up to find yourlf with millions of fleas!
roger huertaIt is easy to find a stick to beat a dog。
人非圣贤,孰能无过。人们总会犯一些错误,也许做者无心但观者有意。有些小人,自己抱残守缺,不干实事,却挖空心思,找别人的缺点和麻烦。欲加之罪,何患无辞?
give me your love tonight
e。g。 -Did you know that Jeff’s been fired?
-No。 What for?
-Jeff sometimes had ideas different from our boss’s。
-Yeah, but Jeff hasn’t done anything wrong, has he?
-Well, boss is boss。 It is always easy to find a stick to beat a dog。
You can’t teach old dogs new tricks。
初中英语词汇教学这句谚语说的是:人老了思想容易僵化,对新生事物很难接受。
decision
e。g。 Don’t forget Wang is already 80。 At his age, you can’t expect him to learn the tap dance。 You can’t teach old dogs new tricks, you know。
从以上的几则谚语我们可以观察到中西文化的一个有趣的区别。西方人经常用狗来比喻人,如,lucky dog(幸运儿),因为他们并不歧视狗。而在汉语中,有不少涉及狗的谚
语和成语都是贬义的,如“狗改不了吃屎”、“挂羊头卖狗肉”、“狗仗人势”、“狗嘴里吐不出象牙”等。当然,英文中dog一词有时也带有贬义,但往往含义与中文不尽相同,我们使用时切忌望文生义。如,It is a dog’s life Chris is leading。 某位教授认为“a dog’s life”的意思是“悲惨的生活”,因而在一篇论及中英文化差别的文章中将其译成“过着牛马不如的生活”。其实“a dog’s life”指的是“争吵不休,过着不安宁的日子”。这类成语很多,如go to the dogs(每况愈下),dog-eat-dog(狗咬狗的,损人利己的),dog in the manger(占着茅坑不拉屎的人)。还有一些没有任何褒贬涵义的用法,如dog days(大热天),doggy bag(餐馆里的打包袋),据说,早先人们碍于面子,不愿明说要把剩菜带回家吃,佯称要带给狗吃,所以叫doggy bag。