专有名词 | 普通名词 | |||
国名地名人名,团体机构名称 | 可数名词 | 不可数名词 | ||
个体名词 | 集体名词 | 抽象名词 | 物质名词 | |
规则 | 例词 | ||
1 | 一般情况在词尾加-s | map-maps, a-as, girl-girls, day-days | |
2 | 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es | class-class, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes | |
3 | 以-f或-fe结尾的词 | 变-f和-fe为v再加-es | leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives |
加-s | belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs | ||
4 | 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es | party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities | |
5 | 以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-s | toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys | |
6 | 以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词 | 一般加-es | hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes |
不少外来词加-s | piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos | ||
两者皆可 | zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos | ||
7 | hazing 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s | radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos | |
8 | 以-th结尾的名词加-s | truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths, | |
规则 | 例词 | ||
1 | 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 | man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goo-gee, mou-mice | |
2 | 单复数相同 amalie | sheep, deer, ries, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, | |
3 | 只有复数形式 | ashes, trours, clothes, thanks, goods, glass, compass, contents | |
4 | 一些集体名词总是用作复数 | 云画的月光小说txtpeople, police, cattle, staff | |
5 | 部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员) | audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party | |
6 | 复数形式表示特别含义 | customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟) | |
7 | 表示“某国人” | 加-s | Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans |
单复数同形 | Swiss, Portugue, Chine, Japane | ||
以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women | Englishmen, Frenchwomen | ||
8 | 合成名词 | 将主体名词变为复数 | sons-in-law, lookers-on, pasrs-by, story-tellers, boy friends |
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 | grown-ups, houwives, stopwatches | ||
将两部分变为复数 | women singers, men rvants | ||
单数名词在末尾加’s | the boy’s father, Jack’s book, her son-in-law’s photo, | |
复数名词 | 一般在末尾加’ | the teachers’ room, the twins’ mother, |
不规则复数名词后加’s | the children’s toys, women’s rights, | |
以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’ | Dickens’ novels, Charles’s job, the Smiths’ hou | |
表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’s | Japan’s and America’s problems, Jane’s and Mary’s bikes | |
表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’s | Japan and America’s problems, Jane and Mary’s father | |
表示"某人家""店铺",所有格后名词省略 | the doctor’s, the barber’s, the tailor’s, my uncle’s | |
1 | 表示时间 | today’s newspaper, five weeks’ holiday |
2 | 表示自然现象 | the earth’s atmosphere, the tree’s branches |
3 | 表示国家城市等地方的名词 | the country’s plan, the world’s population, China’s industry |
4 | 表示工作群体 | the ship’s crew, majority’s view, the team’s victoryparrerror |
5 | ferry表示度量衡及价值 | a mile’s journey, five dollars’ worth of apples |
6 | 与人类活动有特殊关系的名词 | the life’s time, the play’s plot |
7 | 某些固定词组 | a bird’s eye view, a stone’s throw, at one’s wit’s end(不知所措) |
1 | 指一类人或事,相当于a kind of | marry me什么意思中文A plane is a machine that can fly. |
2 | 第一次提及某人某物,非特指 | A boy is waiting for you. |
3 | 表示“每一”相当于every,one | We study eight hours a day. |
4 | 表示“相同”相当于the same | We are nearly of an age. |
5 | 用于人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事 | A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out That boy is rather a Lei Feng. |
6 | 用于固定词组中 | A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time |
7 | 用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后 | This room is rather a big one. |
8 | 用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后 | She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet. |
1 | 表示某一类人或物 | The hor is a uful animal. |
2 | 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 2388 | the univer, the moon, the Pacific Ocean |
3 | 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事 | Would you mind opening the door? |
4 | 用于乐器前面 | play the violin, play the guitar |
5 | 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人 | huajunthe reach, the living, the wounded |
6 | 表示“一家人”或“夫妇” | the Greens, the Wangs |
7 | 用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前 | He is the taller of the two children. |
8 | 用于国家党派等以及江河湖海,山川群岛的名词前 | the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French |
9 | 用于表示发明物的单数名词前 | The compass was invented in China. |
10 | 在逢十的复数数词之前,指世纪的某个年代 | in the 1990’s |
11 | 用于表示单位的名词前 | I hired the car by the hour. |
12 | 用于方位名词,身体部位名词,及表示时间的词组前 | He patted me on the shoulder. |
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