虚拟语气
1.概念瓦内萨
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
英语四级分数查询 2.在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
✧ 英语培训机构排行榜 真实条件句 真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生.
句型：条件从句 + 主句
如果冬天来了春天还会远吗是谁写的 一般现在时 + shall/will + 动词原形
If he comes, he will bring his violin.
典型例题
The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained
答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。
注意：
1） 在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.
(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2） 表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
✧ 非真实条件句
时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。
a.同现在事实相反的假设。
句型： 条件从句 + 主句
一般过去时 + should(would)+动词原形
If they were here, they would help you.
b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。
句型： 条件从句 + 主句
过去完成时 + should(would)have+ 过去分词
If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.
The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.
If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.
If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.
含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
If he had not been ill and misd many class, he would have made greater progress.
含义： He was ill and misd many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.
c.表示对将来的假想
句型：条件从句+主句
我无能为力skipping 条件从句 主句
代表英文 一般过去时 should+ 动词原形
were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形
should+ 动词原形
If you succeeded, everything would be all right.
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
✧ 混合条件句 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.支承板
（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）
If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).
✧ 虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were、should、或had可将if省略，再把were、should或had移到从句句首，实行倒装。
Were they here now, they could help us.
=If they were here now, they could help us.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him
=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
Should it rain, the crops would be saved.
=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.
注意：
在虚拟语气的从句中，动词“be”的过去时态一律用“were”，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。
If I were you, I would go to look for him.如果我是你，就会去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right.如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。
典型例题
_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I
答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were、should、had+主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do，而不能说 Weren't I to do.
I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now.
A. will show B. would show
C. am going to show D. am showing
2. "It looks as if he were drunk." "So it does. _____."
A. He'd better give up drinking
B. He shouldn't have drunk so much
C. Health is more important than drink
D. I wonder why he is always doing so
3. "Mary looks hot and dry." "So _____ you if you had so high a fever."
A. do B. are C. will D. would
4. "He will come tomorrow." "But I'd rather he _____ the day after tomorrow."
A. will come B. is coming C. came D. had come
（1）"Shall I come tomorrow?" "I'd rather you ______."
A. won't B. didn't C. don't D. wouldn't
（2）"I've told him about it." "But I'd rather you ______."
A. didn't B. hadn't C. don't D. wouldn't
（3）"He will take you as well." "But I'd rather he ______."
A. won't B. didn't C. doesn't D. wouldn't
5. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he ____ at once.
A. should be; be operated on
B. were; must be operated on
C. was; should be operated
D. was; be operated on
（1）The patient insisted that he _______ ill and _______ to the hospital.
A. wasn't, wasn't nt B. wasn't, shouldn't be nt
C. shouldn't be, wasn't nt D. shouldn't be, shouldn't be nt
（2）The man in prison insisted that he _______ nothing wrong and _______ t free.
A. should do, should be B. had done, should be
C. had done, had been D. should do, had been
（3）I advid that he ______ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he ______ q
uite well then.
A. was nt; felt B. be nt; was feeling
C. he nt; feel D. should be nt; should feel
6. ______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.
A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give up D. If he gave up
解析：
1、【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】正确答案选B.根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即 or=if I didn't forget where I read the article（要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话——但事实上忘了）。
2太原雅思、【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是受句中 drunk 一词的影响。
【分析】最佳答案为D.关键信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，"他喝醉了"不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D.
3、【陷阱】容易误选A或C.选A者，认为前后两句的动词性质应一致；选C者，认为其后带有if 条件状语从句，从语气上看，主句应用将来时态。
【分析】此题最佳答案为D.分析如下：
（1）"so + 助动词 + 主语"是一个很有用的结构，它表示"......也一样"时。如：
He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜欢看电视，我也一样。
When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 当动植物消失的时候，人类也会随之消失。
（2）由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气（这是很重要的信息），所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案应选D.
4、【陷阱】容易误选A或B.根据上文的 He will come tomorrow 以及下文的时间状语 the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白处应填一个一般将来时态。
【分析】但此题的最佳答案是 C.按照英语习惯，would rather 后接forgetthat 从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。又如：
I'd rather you left right now. 我宁愿你现在就离开。
I would much rather it was forgotten. 我更愿这事被遗忘掉。
I'd rather he hadn't told me about it. 我宁愿他没告诉我这事。
（1、2、3、4答案均为B）：
5、【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选 C.insist后的从句谓语有时用"should+动词原形"这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意，可知只有选C最合适。以下类似试题答案选B
6、【陷阱】容易误选 D.
【分析】正确答案应选B.之所以不能选D，是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would not have got，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是 had given up，而不是像D项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有 had, should, were 等词时，通常可以省略 if，并将 had, should, were 提前置于句首。
