英语语言学----简答题
Chapter 1: Introduction
1. List important distinctions in linguistics.
2. List design features.
3. What are the differences between traditional grammar and modern linguistics?
4. Talk about speech and writing and which one is prior and why?
5. What are the difference and similarity, langue and parole VS. competence and performance?
6. What should we take superior, diachronic study or synchronic study?
Chapter 2: Phonology
初中英语听力1. Broad transcription and narrow transcription.
美国考试2. Classification of English speech sound.
3. Distinction of phone, phoneme and allophone.
4. phonemic contrast, complementary distribution and minimal pair.
5. some rules in phonology.
6. supragmental features.
Chapter 3: Morphology
1. open class and clod class.
2. suffixes and prefixes.
3. bound morpheme and free morpheme.
4. derivation and inflection.
5. compound words.
Chapter 4: Syntax
aln1. categories.
2. How to define a word’s category ?
3. Phra categories.
4. Four properties of coordination rule.
5. What are phra elements.
6. What is S rule?
7. Transformation.
8. deep structure and surface structure.
mistake怎么读9. constraints on transformation.
10. Master the way to draw a tree diagram once a ntence is given.
Chapter 5: Semantics
1. some views concerning the study of meaning.
2. n and reference.
3. major n relations.
4. n relations between ntences.
5. analysis of meaning.
出国留学手续Chapter 6: Pragmatics
1. pragmatics and mantics.
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2. ntence meaning and utterance meaning.
3. Talk about Speech Act Theory.
4. constatives and performatives.
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5. What is Austin’s opinion about Speech Act Theory.
6. How did Seale classify illocutionary act into five categories?
7. What is cooperative principle?
Chapter 7: Language Change
1. Morphological and syntactic change of language.
2. vocabulary change.
3. some recent trends of language change.
4. caus of language change.
Chapter 8: Language And Society
1. the relationship between language and society.
2. two approaches to sociolinguistic studies.
3. dialectal varieties.
4. What characteristics does Black English posss?
5. What is regidter theory?
6. Degree of formality.
7. What is standard English?
8. Pidgin and Creole.
9. bilingualism and diglossia.
Chapter 9: Language And Culture
1. the relationship between language and culture.
2. talk about Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis.
3. List linguistic evidence of cultural differences.
4. cultural overlap and diffusion.
5. linguistic imperialism and linguistic nationalism.
Chapter 10: Language Acquisition
1. Theories od child language acquisition.
2. cognitive factors in child language development.
3. language environment and Critical Period Hypothesis.
4. stages in child language development.
5. Talk about vocabulary change in child language acquisition.
Chapter 11 : Second Language Acquisition
1. connection between First language acquisition and Second language acquisition.
2. contrastive analysis.
3. positive transfer and negative transfer.
4. Error analysis.
5. error and mistake.
6. interlanguage and fossilization.
7. the role of native language in Second language acquisition.
8. Input Hypothesis.
怎样培训员工心态9. learning and acquisition.
10. input and intake.
11. individual difference in SLA.
Chapter 12 : Language And Brain
1. What methods in the study of the brain and evidences for lateralization can we u?
2. What characteristics does Broca’s aphasia have?
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3. What’s distinctions do Broca’s aphasia and Wernicke’s aphasia have?万圣节 英文
4. phonological dyslexia and surface dyslexia?
5. What rearch methods can be ud to e the language reprentation and processing in the mind?
6. distinction between lexical decision and the priming experiement.
7. Two ways to process the information in the mind?
8. Talk about psycholinguistic modeling.
南师大英语语言学卷子的题型，一直都保持着同样的类型。所以复习时，我们就可以根据这些规律，按照题型进行“应试”复习。
这里附上我自己做问答题时的答案。不过，这只是一些我个人的见解。仅供参考！如果能够对大家有所帮助，就是我的快乐哦。
1.Explain with examples the three notions of phone, phoneme and allophone, and also how they are related.
(1)A phone is a speech sound, it is phonetic unit. Any sound we hear in the cour of com
munication s a phone, such as /u:/, /l/, /p/, /p’/.
(2)A phoneme is a phonological unit. It is not a concrete sound but an abstract notion. It is a collection of features. It can be realized as different phones in different phonetic contexts. Foe example, the phoneme/l/ can be realized as a clear [l] or a dark [l], depending on where it occurs in a sound combination.
