考研英语（阅读）-试卷84放弃的英文
(总分：70.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、 Reading Comprehension(总题数：7，分数：70.00)
1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）spiritual
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解析：
2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）
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解析：
Tho days are long gone when placing a telephone call meant simply picking up the receiv
er and asking the operator to patch you through. Modem cell phones require urs to navigate a ries of menus to find numbers, place calls or check messages. Even the most tech-savvy may take weeks to discover some of the more mysterious multimedia functions. Imagine the difficulty forsomeone unable to read. That is the challenge for mobile communications companies aiming to branch out into developing countries. The prospects en from the last decade are alluring: only about one third of China"s vast population and about one tenth of India"s u cell phones. But lling to poor rural areas is not likely to happen with a marketing version of "plug and play." Most potential buyers have little exposure to anything other than simple electronics. Reading through a ries of hierarchical menus and pushing buttons for multiple purpos would be new concepts for such customers. To come up with a suitable device, Motorola relied on a team of anthropologists, psychologists and designers to study how textually illiterate villagers u their aging televisions, tape players and phones. The rearchers noticed that their subjects would learn each button"s dedicated function With something more complicated, such as an automated teller machine, urs would memorize a t of behaviors in order,
which allowed them to move through the machine"s basic hierarchy without having to read the menu.The rearch, which lasted three years, led Motorola to craft a cellular phone slimmed down to three esntial activities: calling, managing numbers and simple text messaging. "A lot of the functions in a cell phone are not uful to anyone," points out Gabriel White, who headed the interactive design team.The icon-bad interface also required thought. Not all cell phone companies believe that a design for nonliterate urs should start from scratch. Nokia"s behavioral rearchers noticed that "newbies" rely on friends and relatives to help them with basic functions. Rather than confronting the challenge of a completely new interface, Nokia cho to provide some audio menus in its popular 1100 model and a preview mode so that people could try out functions without the risk of changing anything important. Mobile phones may even become tools for literacy, predicts BJ Fogg, who studies computer-human interaction at Stanford University. Phones might teach the alphabet or tell a story as urs read along. "Imagine if it eventually could understand your weak points and drill you on tho," Fogg propos. And soon enough, he declares, designs or illiterate urs will lead to more straightforward, elegant phones for everyone.（分数：10.00）
(1).The difference between modern cell phones and old phones lies in that（分数：2.00）
A.it requires more intelligence and education to u modern cell phones.
B.it takes more weeks to get familiar with modern cell phones.
&dem cell phones are more complicated with many functions. 国际音标发音软件√
&dern cell phones are more mysterious tools for people.
解析：解析：事实细节题。答案在第一段。该段主要就是介绍了过去的老式电话和现代手机使用方式上的不同，突出了现代手机纷繁复杂的功能及其对用户造成的困扰，故选C项。A项内容在文中并无提及，属过度推断；文中讲到手机玩家也需要几周时间来熟悉现代手机，B项中的more weeks推断过度；此外文中提到现代手机的某些功能比较隐秘，而非手机本身是比较隐秘的工具，D项张冠李戴了。
(2).The sales of mobile phones to poor rural areas may be impossible probably becau most potential buyers（分数：2.00）
日语日常用语
A.have difficulty with menus of multiple purpos. √
日本语
B.cannot accept new concepts of mobile phones.
&ly read menus and push buttons of simple electronics.
D.do not like the marketing strategy of "plug and play".
解析：解析：事实细节题，考查因果细节及转折细节。根据poor rural areas定位到第二段，段中But信号词提示新信息出现的地方，这段内容提到一些营销策略在贫困的农村地区行不通，因为那里的大多数潜在买家没有接触过复杂的电子产品，也就无法理解复杂菜单和按钮操作，故选A项。文中只是陈述了功能复杂多样的手机对于农村地区的手机用户来说是全新的概念，并未提到他们因此而不能接受或者说排斥新概念手机，故B项推断过度；该段中提到很多农村地区的潜在手机购买者只接触过用法简单的电子产品，但并未具体提到诸如阅读菜单或者按按钮等具体操
(3).The rearches held by Motorola showed that the textually illiterate villagers（分数：2.00）
A.were willing to u old machines with little functions.
B.had to take some lessons to learn the new functions.
&uld remember the major function of each button.
D.would avoid reading the hierarchy menus of the machine. √
解析：解析：推理判断题。根据Motorola定位到第三段。文中提到不识字的乡下人在遇到使用复杂电器的情况时，往往按部就班记下操作流程而不看具体操作流程，故选D项。摩托罗拉的相关研究人员只是研究乡下人如何使用老旧电器的，并不意味着乡下人就愿意使用旧电器，A项推断过度；B项文中未提及；C项是强干扰项，原文提到，研究人员发现受试者能够记住每个按钮的专门用途，C项的major偷换了概念。
(4).The slang term of "newbies" (Line 2, Paragraph 5) most probably means（分数：2.00）
&w students.
&wcomers. √
&wborns.
bruce springsteen
202012月四级答案>全球免签护照&w webs.
解析：解析：词义推断题。原文该处提到是在亲人朋友的帮助下学会基本操作，由此可推断newbies有“新手”之义，B项正确。根据上下文，作者提到不是所有的手机制造商都选择从头开始设计手机以针对不识字的用户，其中诺基亚公司就选择其他设计策略来进行应对，故推断出newbies一词与手机用户意思相近，排除A、C项：D项与网络相关，也予以排除。
(5).Fogg believes that the future mobile phones could not（分数：2.00）
&ach illiterates to learn alphabets.
B.understand the ur"s ideas and points. √
C.help urs exerci their languages.
D.become more direct and elegant.
解析：解析：观点态度题。B项中谈到手机能了解人的想法，而文中提到的则是手机能了解人的阅读弱点，显然B项张冠李戴了。根据Fogg定位到第五段。该段中提到斯坦福大学福格博士预言手机能教用户学习字母表、操练阅读，而且手机也会变得更加直观及雅致，故A、C、D项都是福格认为未来的手机能做到的内容，均可排除。
When it came to moral "reasoning," we like to think our views on right and wrong are rational, but ultimately they are grounded in emotion. Philosophers have argued over this claim for a quarter of a millennium without resolution. Time"s up! Now scientists armed with brain scanners are stepping in to ttle the matter. Though reason can shape moral judgment, emotion is often decisive. Harvard psychologist Joshua Greene does brain scans of people as they ponder the so-called trolley problem. Suppo a trolley is rolling down the track toward five people who will die unless you pull a lever that diverts it onto another track—where, unfortunately, lies one person who will die instead. An easy call, most people say: minimizing the loss of life—a "utilitarian" goal, as philosophers put it—is
the right thing to do. But suppo the only way to save the five people is to push someone el onto the track—a bystander who body will bring the trolley to a halt before it hits the others. It"s still a one-for-five swap, and you still initiate the action that dooms the one—but now you are more directly involved; most peoplesay it would be wrong to do this deal.Why? According toGreene"s brain scans,the cond scenario more thoroughly excites parts of the brain linked to emotion than does the lever-pulling scenario. Apparently the intuitive aversion to giving someone a deadly push is stronger than the aversion to a deadly lever pull. Further studies suggest that in both cas the emotional aversion competes for control with more rational parts of the brain. In the cond scenario the emotions are usually strong enough to win. And when they lo, it is only after a tough wrestling match. The few people who approve of pushing an innocent man onto the tracks take longer to reach their decision. So too with people who approve of smothering a crying baby rather than catching the attention of enemy troops who would then kill the baby along with other innocents. Princeton philosopher Peter Singer argues that we should re-examine our moral intuitions and ask whether that logic merits r
espect in the first place. Why obey moral impuls that evolved to rve the "lfish gene"—such as sympathy that moves toward kin and friends? Why not worry more about people an ocean away who suffering we could cheaply alleviate? Isn"t it better to save 10 starving African babies than to keep your 90-year-old father on life support? Singer"s radically utilitarian brand of moral philosophy has its work cut out for it. In the abnce of arduous cranial wrestling matches, reason may indeed be "slave of the passions."（分数：10.00）
(1).From the first two paragraphs, we can learn that（分数：2.00）
电影节开幕式
&al "reasoning" is actually bad on reason, not on emotion.
B.philosophers have resolved the dilemma between reason and emotion.
&ion plays a more important role than reason in moral judgment. √
bicycle是什么意思&st philosophers pursue the utilitarian goal in the trolley problem.
解析：解析：推理判断题。答案在第一、二段里。转折信号词though往往标志着重要信息的出现，文中提到尽管理性可以形成道德判断，但情感往往起着决定性作用，故排除A选C项。文中提到科学家们开始着手解决难题，而非已经解决了这一难题。故B项排除；在第二段中提到绝大多数普通人追求“功利主义的”目标，而D项则变成了大多数哲学家。张冠李戴。
(2).The word "swap" (line 3, Paragraph 3) is clost in meaning to（分数：2.00）
A.change.
B.gamble.
&hange. √
D.choice.
解析：解析：词义推断题。此题还同时考查了考生对指代词的理解和把握，It在该句指代前一句所描述的情况，即牺牲旁观者使电车停下以挽救另外5个人的性命，故swap有交换的
意思，选C项。A项change(改变)、B项gamble(赌博)、D项choice(选择)都与原文意思不符。
(3).It is stated in Paragraph 4 that tho who support pushing the bystander to stop the trolley（分数：2.00）
