考博详解与指导
哈尔滨工业大学考博英语试题
General English Admission Test For Non-English Major
Ph.D.program
(Harbin Institute of Technology)
Part I Reading Comprehension(40points)
Passage1
Questions1----5are bashed on the following passage.
The planet’s last intact expans of forest are under siege.Eight thousand years ago,forests covered more than23million square miles,or about40percent of Earth’s land surface.Today,almost half of tho forests have fallen to the ax, the chain saw,the matchstick,or the bulldozer.
A map unveiled in March by the Washington-bad World Resources Institute not only shows the locati
ons of former forests,but also asss the condition of today’s forests worldwide.Institute rearchers developed the map with the help of the World Conrvation Monitoring Center,the World Wildlife Fund,and90 forest experts at a variety of universities,government organizations,and environmental groups.
Only one-fifth of the remaining forests are still“frontier forests,”defined as relatively undisturbed natural forests large enough to support all of their native species.Frontier forests offer a number of benefits:They generate and maintain
biodiversity,protect watersheds,prevent flooding and soil erosion,and stabilize climate.
Many large areas that have traditionally been classified as forest land don’t qualify as“frontier”becau of human influences such as fire suppression and a patchwork of logging.“There’s surprisingly little intact forest left,”says rearch associate Dirk Bryant,the principal author of the report that accompanies the new map.
In the report,Bryant,Daniel Nieln,and Laura Tangley divide the world into four groups:76countries that have lost all of their frontier forest;11nations that are“on the edge”;28countries with“not much time”;and only
eight----including Canada,Russia,and Brazil-----that still have a“great opportunity”to keep most of their original forest.The United States is among the nations said to be running out of time:In the lower48states,says Bryant,“great opportunity”to keep most of their original forest.The United States is among the nations said to be running out of time:In the lower48states,says Bryant,“only1percent of the forest that was once there as frontier forest qualifies today.”
Logging pos the biggest single threat to remaining frontier forests.“Our results suggest that70percent of frontier forests under threat are threatened by logging,”says Bryant.The practice of cutting timber also creates roads that cau erosion and open the forest to hunting,mining,firewood gathering,and land clearing for farms.
What can protect frontier forests?The rearchers recommend combining prervation with sustainable land u practices such as tourism and lective timber extraction.“It’s possible to restore frontiers,”says Bryant,“but the cost and time required to do so would suggest that the smart approach is to husband the remaining frontier forest before it’s gone.”
1.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.The prent situation of frontier forest on Earth.
B.The history of ecology.
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C.The forest map in the past.
D.Beautiful forests in different parts of the world.cpf
2.The word“unveiled”in paragraph2is clost in meaning to_.
A.evaluated
B.decorated
C.designed
D.made public
江南style的歌词3.Frontier forests have which of the following benefits?
A.They keep climate stable.
B.They enhance timber industry.
C.They provide people with unique scenery.
D.They are of various types.
4.The phra“on the edge”in Paragraph5probably means________.
A surrounded by frontier forest护士英文
B near frontier forest
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C about to lo their frontier forest
D under pressure
5.According to the passage,roads created by timber-cutting make it possible for people to________.
A travel to other places through the short–cut
B exploit more forest land
C find directions easily
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D protect former forests
Passage2
Questions6----10are bad on the following passage.
To get a chocolate out of a box requires a considerable amount of unpacking: the box has to be taken out of the paper bag in which it arrived the cellophane wrapper has to be torn off,the lip opened and removed;the lid opened and the paper removed;the chocolate itlf then has to be unwrapped from its own piece of paper.But this insane amount of wrapping is not confined to luxuries:it is now becoming increasingly difficult to buy anything that is not done up in cellophane, polythene,or paper.
六级作文模版The package itlf is of no interest to the shopper,who usually throws it away immediately.Uless wrapping accounts for much of the refu put our by the average London houhold each week.So why is it done?Some of it,like the cellophane on meat,is necessary,but most of the rest is simply competitive lling.This is absurd.Packaging is using up scarce energy and resources and messing up the environment.
Little rearch is being carried out on the costs of alternative types of
packaging.Just how possible is it,for instance,for local authorities to salvage paper,pulp it,and recycle it as egg-boxes?Would it be cheaper to plant another forest?Paper is the material most ud for packaging-----20million paper bags are apparently ud in Great Britain each day-----but very little is salvaged.
韦博英语费用A machine has been developed that pulps paper,and then process it into -boxes and cartons.This could be easily adapted for local authority u.It would mean that people would have to parate their refu into paper and non-paper,with a different dustbin for each.Paper is,in fact,probably the material that can be most easily recycled;and now,with massive increas in paper prices,the time has come at which collection by local authorities could be profitable.
Recycling of this kind is already happening with milk bottles,which are returned to the dairies,and it has been estimated that if all the milk bottles necessary were made of plastic,then British dairies would be producing the equivalent of enough plastic tubing to encircle the earth every five or six days! The trouble with plastic is that it does not rot.Some environmentalists argue that the only solution to the problem of ever growing mounds of plastic containers is to do away with plastic altogether in the shops,a suggestion unacceptable to many manufacturers who say there is no alternative to their handy plastic packs.It is evident that more rearch is needed into the recovery a
nd reu of various materials and into the cost of collecting and recycling containers as oppod to producing new ones.Unnecessary packaging,intended
to be ud just once,and making things look better so more people will buy them, is clearly becoming increasingly absurd.But it is not so much a question of doing away with packaging as resources for what is,after all,a relatively unimportant function.
animals怎么读6.The ntence“This insane amount of wrapping is not confined to luxuries”means that________.
A not enough wrapping is ud for luxuries
B more wrapping is ud for luxuries than for ordinary products
C it is not only for luxury products that too much wrapping is ud
D the wrapping ud for luxury products is unnecessary
7.The local authorities are_________.
A the Town Council
B the police
C the paper manufacturers
D the most influential citizens
8If paper is to be recycled,________.
A more forests will have to be planted
B the u of paper bags will have to be restricted
intelligence是什么意思C people will have to u different dustbins for their rubbish
D the local authorities will have to reduce the price of paper
9.British dairies are________.
A producing enough plastic tubing to go round the world in less than a week
