Poetry
"Poem", "Poems", and "Poetic" redirect here. For other us, e Poem (disambiguation), Poems (disambiguation), and Poetic (disambiguation).
Poetry (from the Greek copoiesis — ποίησις — meaning a "making", en also in such terms as "hemopoiesis"; more narrowly, the making of poetry) is a form of literary art which us aesthetic and rhythmic[1][2][3] qualities of language—such as phonaesthetics, sound symbolism, and metre—to evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, the prosaic ostensible meaning最好的翻译软件.
Poetry has a long history, dating back to the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh. Early poems evolved from folk songs such as the Chine Shijing, or from a need to retell oral epics, as with the Sanskrit Vedas, Zoroastrian Gathas, and the Homeric epics, the Iliad and the Odysy. Ancient attempts to define poetry, such as Aristotle's Poetics, focud on the us of speech in rhetoric, drama, song and comedy. Later attempts concentrated on features such as repetition, ver form and rhymewap是什么, and emphasized the aesthetics which distinguish
poetry from more objectively-informative, prosaic forms of writing. From the mid-20th century, poetry has sometimes been more generally regarded as a fundamental creative act employing language.
Poetry us forms and conventions to suggest differential interpretation to words, or to evoke emotive respons. Devices such as assonance, alliteration, onomatopoeia and rhythm are sometimes ud to achieve musical or incantatory effects. The u of ambiguity, symbolism, irony and other stylistic elements of 中文日文在线翻译poetic diction often leaves a poem open to multiple interpretations. Similarly, metaphor, simile and metonymy周到 create a resonance between otherwi disparate images—a layering of meanings, forming connections previously not perceived. Kindred forms of resonance may exist, between individual vers, in their patterns of rhyme or rhythm.
Some poetry types are specific to particular cultures and genres and respond to characteristics of the language in which the poet writes. Readers accustomed to identifying poetry with Dante, Goethe, Mickiewicz and Rumi may think of it as written in li
nes bad on rhyme and regular meter; there are, however, traditions, such as Biblical poetry, that u other means to create rhythm and euphony. Much modern poetry reflects a critique of poetic tradition, playing with and testing, among other things, the principle of euphony itlf, sometimes altogether forgoing rhyme or t rhythm. In today's increasingly globalized world, poets often adapt forms, styles and techniques from diver cultures and languages
History
Poetry as an art form may predate literacy. Epic poetry, from the Indian Vedas (1700–1200 BC) and Zoroaster's Gathas to the Odysy (800–675 BC), appears to have been compod in poetic form to aid memorization and oral transmission, in prehistoric and ancient societies. Other forms of poetry developed directly from folk songs. The earliest entries in the ancient compilation Shijing, were initially lyrics, preceding later entries intended to be read.
The oldest surviving epic poem is the Epic of Gilgamesh, from the 3rd millennium BC in S
umer (in Mesopotamia, now Iraq), which was written in cuneiform script on clay tablets and, later, papyrus. Other ancient epic poetry includes the Greek epics Iliad and Odysy, the Old Iranian books the Gathic Avesta and Yasna, the Roman national epic, Virgil's bowlerAeneid, and the Indian epics Ramayana and Mahabharata.
The efforts of ancient thinkers to determine what makes poetry distinctive as a form, and what distinguishes good poetry from bad, resulted in "poetics"—the study of the aesthetics of poetry. Some ancient poetic traditions; such as, contextually, Classical Chine poetry in the ca of the Shijing (Classic of Poetry), which records the development of poetic canons with ritual and aesthetic importance. More recently, thinkers have struggled to find a definition that could encompass formal differences as great as tho between Chaucer's Canterbury Tales and Matsuo Bashō's Oku no Hosomichi, as well as differences in context spanning Tanakh religious poetry, love poetry, and rap.
jpyWestern traditions
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Classical thinkers employed classification as a way to define and asss the quality of poetry. Notably, the existing fragments of Aristotle's Poetics describe three genres of poetry—the epic, the comic, and the tragic—and develop rules to distinguish the highest-quality poetry in each genre, bad on the underlying purpos of the genre. Later aestheticians identified three major genres: epic poetry, lyric poetry, and dramatic poetry, treating comedy and tragedy as subgenres of dramatic poetry.
progress
Aristotle's work was influential throughout the Middle East during the Islamic Golden Age, as well as in Europe during the Renaissance. Later poets and aestheticians often distinguished poetry from, and defined it in opposition to pro, which was generally understood as writing with a proclivity to logical explication and a linear narrative structure.
This does not imply that poetry is illogical or lacks narration, but rather that poetry is an attempt to render the beautiful or sublime without the burden of engaging the logical or narrative thought process. English Romantic poet John Keats termed this escape from lo
gic "Negative Capability外语教学法". This "romantic" approach views form as a key element of successful poetry becau form is abstract and distinct from the underlying notional logic. This approach remained influential into the 20th century.
