Integrated Simulation of ECO100, a Doubly Fed Induction Generator Wind
Turbine
M. Mata Dumenjó1, J. Sanchez Navarra1, M. Sala Lluma1, Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt2
1Alstom- Ecotècnia, B-08005 Barcelona; e-mail: montrrat.mata@
2IREC Catalonia Institute for Energy Rearch 08019 Barcelona
Abstract. The prent paper deals with the integration of electrical, control and mechanical models in a single platform to evaluate the respon of wind turbines to different class of voltages sags. Models of all the wind turbine parts are described and integrated in two different platforms. Mechanical and aerodynamics are modeled using GH Bladed while electrical and control parts are modeled using Matlab Simulink and later compiled and included into GH Bladed by means of a DLL. The integrated model has been simulated with different voltage sags and compared to real tests with the ECO-100 Alstom-Ecotecnia wind turbine.
Keywords: “wind power generation”, “doubly-fed generator”, “modeling”, “simulation”.
1.Introduction
The massive employment of doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) has motivated the modeling [1] of such generators, mainly in the issues related to power quality and ride-through capability. Different modeling approaches are prented in [2,3,4] for grid integration studies.
A doubly fed induction generator model for transient stability analysis is propod in [5], considering the control loops of instantaneous respon. In [6, 7, 8] the ride-through capability of doubly fed induction generators is studied. The respon under unbalanced sags is addresd in [9,10]. A DFIG ride-through control scheme without crow bar is suggested in [11]. As far as the converter control is concerned, some proposals have been added to classical approach of [12,13], sliding mode control is ud in [14]. The power control of a doubly fed induction machine via output feedback is investigated in [15,16]. An obrver for nsorless control of standalone doubly fed induction generators is addresd in [17]. The behavior of such machines in large wind farms, along with the general reactive and active power control of wind farms have been studied in [18,20].
踢足球的英文In this paper we will prent a model of ECO100 that has been developed to prepare the test certification required to demonstrate the compliance of Grid Codes defined by Transmission System Operators (TSO) in order to certificate the voltage ride through capabilities of ECO100 [21], a list of the required voltage dips to be ride is defined, the dips are tested in the converter factory, simulate
d with a special model which is the combination of electric model and mechanical and aerodynamic one and are tested on field in the Eco100 prototype in La Collada (Tarragona) the full scale field measurements are done from February until the first days of June this year (2009).
The parameters studied are the internal electrical magnitudes, such as current and voltage in different points, internal mechanical magnitudes like speed and loads; and the external required
资料下载magnitudes, active power, reactive power, active and reactive energy in some intervals in the dip, reaction time for different magnitudes and recovery time.
The prent work describes accurately a model for the induction generator, the back to back converter (including the crowbar) and the electrical network. The model has been developed in Matlab Simulink and compiled into a DLL. The DLL has been ud with the GH Bladed package to perform full system simulations of the wind turbine ECO-100 manufactured by Alstom-Ecotecnia .squirting
1.ECO100: 3MW Alstom-Ecotècnia wind turbine
Eco100 is Alstom-Ecotecnia’s new machine, it is a DFIG machine with 3000 kW rated power. Designed with a rotor diameter of 100.8 m for Class IIA of wind (IEC-61400-1), it has a planetary gea
rbox with parallel shafts, a transformer integrated in the nacelle up to 30 kV and control bad on pitch and variable speed.
brushThe modular build concept allows the optimisation of component features, with gearbox stress reduction a high priority.
The control system is bad on a platform developed by Ecotècnia: GALILEO. It is a decentralized system that implements the regulatory characteristics already ud for previous platforms but provides major additional advantages. There are nsors integrated into the component during the manufacturing process, and connected with CAN bus technology, and the external communications to wind farm SCADA(Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) system are developed according with OPC standards.
Ecotècnia developed its own SCADA system, bad on more than 25 years of turbines maintenance. This tool provides remote access to the wind turbine data: generated power, rotor rpm, electrical data, main components temperature, wind conditions and wind turbine status, among others, are displayed in real time and saved as data-files. The protocol of communication to external urs and to the every machine in the farms is according with OPC standards. All implemented in line with IEC 61400-25 code.
Table 1. Basic characteristics ECO100 Principal
Characteristics ECO100
英语短文带翻译Rated power Rotor diamete r Wind turbine class IEC/E N-61400-1 Cut-in and cut-out wind speed (mean 10’) Speed range Control Gearbo x Genera -tor Trans-f ormer
3.0
MW 100.8 m II-A 3 m/s – 25 m/s 7.94 – 14.3 rpm Pitch + variabl e speed Planeta ry, parallel shafts Inducti on with wound rotor Integra ted in the nacelle up to
30 kV
Table 2. Principal characteristics ECO100
1.Model
The power extracted by the wind turbine gas the following expression:
(1)汉娜姐妹
The drive-train can be modulated as
(2)
where θt and θm are the angles of the wind wheel and the generator shaft, ωt and ωm are the angular speed of the wind wheel and the generator, τt is the torque applied to the turbine axis by the wind wheel and τm is the generator torque. The generator of a doubly-fed wind Component Length Weight
Fig.1. View of ECO100
narrow
Tower (80 m steel) 77.5 m 230 t
Nacelle (without rotor) 9.4 m 100 t
Rotor
5.3 m 50 t Blade 48.8 m 10 t
turbine is a wounded rotor asynchronous machine who equations can be written on a reference qd frame reprentation tuning at the grid angular speedωs as:
洒脱的英文
(3) Where L s and L r are the stator and rotor windings lf-inductance coefficient, M is the coupling coefficient between stator ad rotor windings and s is the slip defined as the relation between the mechanical speed and the reference frame angular speed s= (ωs-ωr)/ωs. The torque can be expresd as
(4) The stator reactive power yields
(5) The most common topology [22] of the converter of the doubly-fed wind turbine is the IGBT voltage source back-to-back converter with an inverter connected to the rotor windings fed by DC bus connected to another inverter which acts as an active rectifier connected to a three pha grid through a filter inductance in a ries connection. The so-called crow-bar can be connected in parallel before the converter on the rotor side or in the DC bus as a DC-chopper, it as an auxiliary mechanism to avoid over voltages in the DC bus due the excessive power plowing from the rotor inverter to the grid-side converter. The grid’s model compris from the conductors connected to the stator and rotor windings to the whole country grid (Fig.2).
antebellumFig.2 The grid model
1.Control
The control problem of variables speed wind turbine, as many electrical actuators problems, can be split in two parate control problems with different time constants: a fast-respon electrical control and slow-respon speed control. A block-diagram of the electrical control can be en in Fig.3. The speed control, which may also be thought as part of a high level control, actuates on the pitch-angle and give torque signal references to the electrical control which actuates on the converter.
Fig. 3 The converter control diagram
1.Results analysis
Electrical and control parts have been developed in Matlab Simulink and compiled into a DLL. Wind turbine aerodynamics and mechanics have been modeled using GH Bladed where the DLL have been included. Simulations have been performed using data from the wind turbine ECO-74 manufactured by Alstom-Ecotecnia, and considering different voltage sags. In figures 4 and 5 the Matlab model and the Bladed model are shown.
Different simulation results to different grid perturbations are prented and discusd. Example of simulation results for two different voltage sags are illustrated in Figures 6 and 7, where we can e the comparison with real measurements.
Conclusions苦闷
The integration of electrical, control and mechanical models in a single platform has been prented. The platform is ud to evaluate the respon of wind turbines to different class of voltages sags.
Models of all the wind turbine components have been described and integrated in two different platfo
rms. Mechanical and aerodynamics re modeled using GH Bladed while electrical and control parts are modeled using Matlab Simulink.
Electrical and control models have been compiled and included into GH Bladed by means of
a DLL. Example simulations and comparison to real data has been prented.
