曼昆经济学原理（第七版）微观经济学分册
名词解释中英文归纳
CHAPTER 1
欢迎词怎么写Ten Principles of Economics
Scarcity: the limited nature of society’s resources
稀缺性：社会资源的有限性
Economics: the study of how society manages its scarce resources
经济学：研究社会如何管理自己的稀缺资源。
Efficiency: the property of society getting the most it can from its scarce resources
效率：社会能从其稀缺资源中得到最大利益的特性
Equality: the property of distributing economic prosperity uniformly among the members of society
平等：经济成果在社会成员中平均分配的特性
Opportunity cost: whatever must be given up to obtain some item机会成本：为了得到某种东西所必须放弃的东西。
Rational people: people who systematically and purpofully do the best they can to achieve their objectives
理性人：系统而有目的地尽最大努力实现其目标的人
Marginal change: a small incremental adjustment to a plan of action
边际变动：对行动计划的微小增量调整
Incentive: something that induces a person to actconflicts
激励：引起一个人做出某种行为的某种东西。
Market economy: an economy that allocates resources through the decentralized decisions of many firms and houholds as they interact in markets for goods and rvices
幸运星英文
市场经济：当许多企业和家庭在物品与服务市场上相互交易时，通过它们的分散决策配置资源的经济。
Property rights: the ability of an individual to own and exerci control over scarce resources
产权：个人拥有并控制稀缺资源的能力
Market failure: a situation in which a market left on its own fails to allocate resources efficiently
市场失灵：市场本身不能有效配置资源的情况
Externality: the impact of one person’s actions on the well-being of a bystander
外部性：一个人的行为对旁观者福利的影响
Market power: the ability of a single economic actor (or small group of actors) to have a substantial influence on market prices
市场势力：单个经济活动者。（或某个经济活动小群体），对市场价格有显著影响的能力
Productivity: the quantity of goods and rvices produced from each unit of labor input
生产率：每单位劳动投入所生产的物品与服务数量
Inflation: an increa in the overall level of prices in the economy
通货膨胀：经济中物价总水平的上升
Business cycle: fluctuations in economic activity, such as employment and production
经济周期：就业和生产等经济活动的波动
CHAPTER 2
Thinking Like an Economist
Circular-flow diagram: a visual model of the economy that shows how dollars flow through markets among houholds and firms
循环流量图：一个说明货币如何通过市场在家庭与企业之间流动的直观经济模型。
什么是同位语从句Production possibilities frontier: a graph that shows the combinations of output that the economy can possibly produce given the available factors of production and the available production technology
生产可能性边界：表示在可得到的生产要素与生产技术既定时，一个经济所能生产的产品数量的各种组合的图形。Microeconomics: the study of how hou- holds and firms make decisions and how they interact in markets
微观经济学：研究家庭与企业如何做出决策，以及它们如何
在市场上相互交易的学科
american familyMacroeconomics: the study of economy-wide phenomena, including inflation, unemployment, and economic growth长喜英语
宏观经济学：研究整体经济现象，包括通货膨胀，失业和经济增长的学科。
Positive statements: claims that attempt to describe the world as it isequality
实证表述：试图描述世界是什么样子的观点。
Normative statements: claims that attempt to prescribe how the world should be
规范表述：试图描述世界应该是什么样子的观点。
CHAPTER 3flavoring
Interdependence and the Gains from Trade
Absolute advantage: the ability to produce a good using fewer inputs than another producer
绝对优势：一个生产者用比另一个生产者更少的投入生产某种物品的能力。
Opportunity cost: whatever must be given up to obtain some item
机会成本：为了得到某种东西所必须放弃的东西。Comparative advantage: the ability to produce a good at a
lower opportunity cost than another producer
比较优势：一个生产者以低于另一个生产者的机会成本生产某种物品的能力。
Imports: goods produced abroad and sold domestically
进口品：在国外生产而在国内销售的物品
Exports: goods produced domestically and sold abroad
出口品：在国内生产而在国外销售的物品。
CHAPTER 4
The Market Forces of Supply and Demand
Market: a group of buyers and llers of a particular good or rvice
市场：由某种物品或服务的买者与卖者组成的一个群体。Competitive market: a market in which there are many buyers and many llers so that each has a negligible impact on the market price
竞争市场：有许多买者与卖者，以至于每个人对市场价格的影响都微乎其微的市场。
Quantity demanded: the amount of a good that buyers are willing and able to purcha
ndmail>due to需求量：买者愿意并且能够购买的一种物品的数量。
Law of demand: the claim that, other things being equal, the
