洒遍how to make better choice作文演讲稿胡萝卜的英文单词
zenDo you know how many choices you make in a typical day? Do you know how many choices you make in typical week? I recently did a survey with over 2,000 Americans, and the average number of choices that the typical American reports making is about 70 in a typical day. There was also recently a study done with CEOs in which they followed CEOs around for a whole week. And the scientists simply documented all the various tasks that the CEOs engaged in and how much time they spent engaging in making decisions related to the tasks. And they found that the average CEO engaged in about 139 tasks in a week. Each task was made up of many, many, many sub-choices of cour. 50 percent of their decisions were made in nine minutes or less. Only about 12 percent of the decisions did they make an hour or more of their time. Think about your own choices. Do you know how many choices make it into your nine minute category versus your one hour category? How well do you think you're doing at managing tho choices?
Today I want to talk about one of the biggest modern day choosing problems that we have,
which is the choice overload problem. I want to talk about the problem and some potential solutions. Now as I talk about this problem, I'm going to have some questions for you and I'm going to want to know your answers. So when I ask you a question, since I'm blind, only rai your hand if you want to burn off some calories. (Laughter) Otherwi, when I ask you a question, and if your answer is yes, I'd like you to clap your hands. So for my first question for you today: Are you guys ready to hear about the choice overload problem? (Applau) Thank you.
So when I was a graduate student at Stanford University, I ud to go to this very, very upscale grocery store; at least at that time it was truly upscale. It was a store called Draeger's. Now this store, it was almost like going to an amument park. They had 250 different kinds of mustards and vinegars and over 500 different kinds of fruits and vegetables and more than two dozen different kinds of bottled water -- and this was during a time when we actually ud to drink tap water. I ud to love going to this store, but on one occasion I asked mylf, well how come you never buy anything? Here's their olive oil aisle. They had over 75 different kinds of olive oil, including tho that were in a l
qafone orgocked ca that came from thousand-year-old olive trees.
会计核算的一般原则
zip code So I one day decided to pay a visit to the manager, and I asked the manager, "Is this model of offering people all this choice really working?" And he pointed to the busloads of tourists that would show up everyday, with cameras ready usually. We decided to do a little experiment, and we picked jam for our experiment. Here's their jam aisle. They had 348 different kinds of jam. We t up a little tasting booth right near the entrance of the store. We there put out six different flavors of jam or 24 different flavors of jam, and we looked at two things: First, in which ca were people more likely to stop, sample some jam? More people stopped when there were 24, about 60 percent, than when there were six, about 40 percent. The next thing we looked at is in which ca were people more likely to buy a jar of jam. Now we e the opposite effect. Of the people who stopped when there were 24, only three percent of them actually bought a jar of jam. Of the people who stopped when there were six, well now we saw that 30 percent of them actually bought a jar of jam. Now if you do the math, people were at least six times more likely to buy a jar of jam if they encountered six than if they encountered 24.
Now choosing not to buy a jar of jam is probably good for us -- at least it's good for our waistlines -- but it turns out that this choice overload problem affects us even in very conquential decisions. We choo not to choo, even when it goes against our best lf-interests. So now for the topic of today: financial savings. Now I'm going to describe to you a study I did with Gur Huberman, Emir Kamenica, Wei Jang where we looked at the retirement savings decisions of nearly a million Americans from about 650 plans all in the U.S. And what we looked at was whether the number of fund offerings available in a retirement savings plan, the 401(k) plan, does that affect people's likelihood to save more for tomorrow. And what we found was that indeed there was a correlation. So in the plans, we had about 657 plans that ranged from offering people anywhere from two to 59 different fund offerings. And what we found was that, the more funds offered, indeed, there was less participation rate.
董事长英文翻译 So if you look at the extremes, tho plans that offered you two funds, participation rates were around in the mid-70s -- still not as high as we want it to be. In tho plans that offered nearly 60 funds, participation rates have now dropped to about the 60th percnuts是什么意思英语
鳏夫
entile. Now it turns out that even if you do choo to participate when there are more choices prent, even then, it has negative conquences. So for tho people who did choo to participate, the more choices available, the more likely people were to completely avoid stocks or equity funds. The more choices available, the more likely they were to put all their money in pure money market accounts. Now neither of the extreme decisions are the kinds of decisions that any of us would recommend for people when you're considering their future financial well-being.
