蒸汽灭菌操作中的常见错误原因分析
国王的演讲英文字幕
Most mistakes regarding the programming and operation of typical steam sterilizers are related to the basic principles of steam sterilization.
韩国语
蒸汽灭菌柜的大多数程序性和操作错误都与蒸汽灭菌的基本原理有关。
妈妈英文1. Containers with clod valves, empty glass bottles with tightened screw caps or cured aluminum foil are placed in the sterilizer.
boer将密闭的阀门、旋紧瓶盖或紧扣铝箔的空玻璃瓶放入灭菌柜中。
As a result, steam cannot directly contact the inside surfaces and sterilization does not occur. This problem can be resolved by assuring that all items in the sterilizer have a way for the steam to get in and the air to get out. If there is uncertainty about whether an item’s configuration, t-up, packaging, or orientation will allow adequate steam penetrati
on, a thermocouple, chemical and/or biological indicator can be placed inside the item to be certain.
这样， accident蒸汽就不能直接接触到内表面，不能进行灭菌。这一问题可通过确保灭菌柜中的物品有蒸汽进入和空气排出的通道来解决。如果不确定物品的配置、设置、包装或方向是否允许充分的蒸汽穿透，那么可以通过在物品内部放置热电偶、化学和/或生物指示剂来确定。
regal
2. Pouched and/or heavily wrapped items are tightly packed in the chamber.
袋装和/或严密包裹的物品紧实地装载在腔室内。
As a result, air may remain trapped in the items after the preconditioning pha and prevent sterilization. Items should not be overwrapped, and sufficient space should be m
aintained between load items. The preconditioning vacuum and pressure puls must be t correctly to attain complete air removal from the load. Typically, four (or more) preconditioning vacuum puls should be programmed to reach at least 28 in (711 mm) Hg vacuum ((1.0 psia or 6.9 kPa (absolute)) to assure sufficient air removal for worst ca loads. Some very den loads may require a short (2 to 5 min) hold pha at peak preconditioning vacuum to allow time for trapped air to be removed. Preconditioning pressure puls should be programmed for 3 to 5 psig ((21 to 34.5 kPa (gauge)). Higher pressures t for prevacuum pressure puls can result in an excessive amount of superheat and difficulties with temperature stabilization during the first few minutes of the exposure pha.
托福论坛这样， 预真空阶段后空气可能仍然滞留在物品中，阻碍了灭菌。物品不应过度包裹，且应在物品间留有足够的空间。预真空和压力脉动必须正确地设定，以完全排除装载内的空气。通常， 程序应设定达到 28 in (711 mm)汞柱((1.0 psia or 6.9kPa (绝对压力))真空且四次(及以上)预真空脉动，以确保最差装载情况下空气排除充分。有些非常密集的装载在预真空峰值时可能需要一段较短（ 2-5min）的保持时间，从而排除滞留的空气。预真空脉动重庆java培训
应设定为 3~5 psig ((21~34.5 kPa (表压))。预真空压力脉动可能造成暴露阶段前几分钟时的过热和温度稳定困难。
3. Heavier items are placed on top shelves.
大量（较重）物品置于装载顶层。
oblivion
什么是同声传译Water droplets and/or stains are obrved on the outside of wrappers of items placed on the mid to lower shelves after the sterilization cycle is complete. Becau the items are not dry, they cannot be aptically removed from the sterilizer. Condensation is the natural result of steam contact with the cooler surfaces of the load. The condensate will fall from shelf to shelf. The denr the load item, the more condensate is created. Therefore, place heavier items on the bottom shelf. In addition, consider placing a cotton sheet or lint free towels on each sterilizer loading cart shelf prior to loading to allow the condensate to be absorbed. This also aids in drying. As the condensate wicks into the sh
eet or lint free towels, the condensate surface area is greatly incread and evaporates much more rapidly during the drying pha than the same amount of condensate in a droplet or a puddle.
