2010考研英语（二）真题及答案
Section I U of English
Directions:
Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choo the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)
The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global pandemic on June 11, 2009, in the first designation by the World Health Organization of a worldwide pandemic in 41 years.
The heightened alert came after an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp ri in cas in Australia, and rising numbers in Britain, Japan, Chile and elwhere.
But the pandemic is "moderate" in verity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, with the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the abnce of any medical treatment.
The outbreak came to global notice in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths among healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cas began to crop up in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.
In the United States, new cas emed to fade as warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was significant flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the samples tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not asonal flu. @Zov&0
1 In the U.S., it has infected more than one million people, and caud more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.
学习法语的网站 Federal health officials relead Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began taking orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is available ahead of expectations. More than three million dos were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of tho initial dos were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not recommended for pr
egnant women, people over 50 or tho with breathing difficulties, heart dia or veral other problems. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care workers, people caring for infants and healthy young people.
Section Ⅱ Reading comprehension
Part A
Directions:
酷航官网 Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)
Text1
The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008 (e picture). All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ā70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last hurrah. As the auctioneer ca六级时间分配
lled out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.
The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising vertiginously since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a rearch firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size becau it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.
In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demi of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated ctor—for Chine contemporary art—they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction hous, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out n
early $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.
The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japane stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most rious contraction in the market since the cond world war. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more volatile. But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”
What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to ll. Christie’s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to ll. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to ll is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.
21.In the first paragraph,Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory”becau ____-.
A.the art market hadwitnesd a succession of victoryies
B.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bids
C.Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces
D.it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis
22.By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3),the author suggests that_____ .
A . collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctions
B .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleries
C.art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extent
D .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying
23.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?
A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007to 2008.
B.The art market surpasd many other industries in momentum.
C.The market generally went downward in various ways.
D.Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.
24.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____
A.auction hous ' favorites
B.contemporary trends
C.factors promoting artwork circulation
D.styles reprenting impressionists
25.The most appropriate title for this text could be ___
A.Fluctuation of Art Prices
B.Up-to-date Art Auctions
C.Art Market in Decline
D.Shifted Interest in Arts
Text2
I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -- a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly concurred. He gestured toward his wife and said "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true" he explained. "When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going we'd spend the whole evening in silence."
This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.
The pattern was obrved by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late '70s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed -- but only a few of the men -- gave lack of communication
as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent that amounts to millions of cas in the United States every year -- a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.
In my own rearch complaints from women about their husbands most often focud not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning cooking social arrangements and errands. Instead they focud on communication: "He doesn't listen to me" "He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker obrved years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.
In short the image that best reprents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face while a woman glares at the back of it wanting to talk.
26.What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?
A.Talking to them. B.Trusting them.
C.Supporting their careers. D. Shsring houwork.
27.Judging from the context ,the phra “wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means ___ .
A generating motivation.
B.exerting influence
C.causing damage
Dcreating pressure
28.All of the following are true EXCEPT_______
A.men tend to talk more in public tan women
B.nearly 50percent of recent divorces are caud by failed conversation
C.women attach much importance to communication between couples
Da female tends to be more talkative at home than her spou
29.Which of the following can best summarize the mian idea of this text ?
A.The moral decaying derves more rearch by sociologists .
B.Marriage break_up stems from x inequalities.
C.Husband and wofe have different expectations from their marriage.
D.Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.
30.In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus on ______
A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce Talk
B.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoon
C.other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.
D a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew Hacker
Txet3
Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors — habits — among consumers. The habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in respon to a carefully designed t of daily cues.
“There are fundamental public health problems, like hand washing with soap, that remai
n killers only becau we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”
The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to — Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever — had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corporations could u to introduce new routines.
If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we u every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins — are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, becau of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.
A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and now office workers unthin
kingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanr for u after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertid as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.
“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s esntial to making new products commercially viable.”
Through experiments and obrvation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been ud to ll questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.
31.According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap________.
music box
[A] should be further cultivated
[B] should be changed gradually
[C] are deepiy rooted in history
[D] are basically private concerns
32.Bottled water,chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____
[A] reveal their impact on people’habits
[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities
[C]indicate their effect on people’buying power
[D]manifest the significant role of good habits
33.which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?
[A]Tide [B]Crest [C]Colgate [D]Unilver
34.From the text wekonw that some of consumer’s habits are developed due to _____
[A]perfected art of products
[B]automatic behavior creation
[C]commercial promotions
[D]scientific experiments
35.the author’sattitude toward the influence of advertiment on people’s habits is____
[A]indifferent [B]negative [C]positive [D]biad
Text4
Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to rve on juries; that jurors should be lected randomly from a reprentative cross ction of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to rve on a jury on account of race, religion, x, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should reprent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than reprentative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themlves, rather than electing reprentative
s to govern for them.
But as recently as in 1986, jury lection procedures conflicted with the democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of suppodly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury lection as early as the 1880 ca of strauder v. West Virginia,the practice of lecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.
The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first rved on state juries in Utah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then veral states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personlly asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unreprentative of women through the 1960s.
In 1968, the Congress of the United States pasd the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolished special educa
tional requirements for federal jurors and required them to be lected at random from a cross ction of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be reprentative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared x discrimination in jury lection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to u the same procedures for lecting male and female jurors.
36.From the principles of theUS jury system,welearn that ______
[A]both litcrate and illiterate people can rve on juries
[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers
[C]no age limit should be impod for jury rvice
[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public
37.The practice of lecting so—called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____
[A]the inadcquavy of antidiscrimination laws
[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races
[C]the conflicting ideals in jury lection procedures
38.Even in the 1960s,women were ldom on the jury list in some states becau_____
[A]they were automatically banned by state laws
[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications
[C]they were suppod to perform domestic duties
[D]they tended to evade public engagement
39.After the Jury Selection and Service Act was pasd.___
[A]x discrimination in jury lection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished
[B]educational requirements became less rigid in the lection of federal jurors
[C]jurors at the state level ought to be reprentative of the entire community
[D]states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system
天使英文40.in discussing the US jury system,the text centers on_______
[A]its nature and problems
[B]its characteristics and tradition
[C]its problems and their solutions
[D]its tradition and development
Section Ⅲ Translation
46.Directions:
hornIn this ction there is a text in English .Translate it into Chine. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)
“Suatainability” has become apopular word the days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured apainful period of unsustainability in his own life made itclear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expresd though everyday action and choice.
Ning recalls spending aconfusing year in the late 1990s lling insurance. He’d been though the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for ajob,signed on with a Boulder agency.
It didinidealab’t go well. “It was a really had move becau that’s not my passion,” says Ning,
who dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was mirable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, ‘Just wait, you’ll trun the corner, give it some time.’”
翻译参考
邮购目录“坚持不懈”如今已成一个流行词汇，但对TedNing而言，这个概念一直有个人含义，经历了一段痛苦松懈的人生活，使他清楚面向以坚持不懈为导向的价值观，必须贯彻到每天的行动和选择中。
Ning回忆起20世纪90年代末期卖保险的那段迷茫时光，他通过蓬勃兴起的网络疯狂地找工作，并且与Boulder代理机构签了约。
事情进展并不顺利，TedNing说到：“那真是个糟糕的选择，因为我对此没有激情，”可以预料，他把工作中的矛盾能解释为没有业务。Ning说：“我很痛苦渴望午夜起来盯着天花板，我没钱，我需要工作，每个人都说‘等吧，只要有耐心会好转的。’”
47. Directions:
You have just come back from the U.S. as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program. Write a letter to your American colleague to
1) Express your thanks for his/her warm reception;
2) Welcome him/her to visit China in due cour.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. U “Zhang Wei” instead.
Do not write your address. (10 points)
Dear xxx,
I would like to convey my heartfelt thanks to you for your kindness to receive me when I participated in an exchange program in USA.
Your generous help made it possible that I had a very pleasant stay and a chance to know American cultures better. Besides, I think it is an honor for me to make friends with you and I will cherish the goodwill you showed to me wherever I go. I do hope that you will visit China one day, so that I could have the opportunity to repay your kindness and r
efresh our friendship.
I feel obliged to thank you again.
中文翻译英文在线翻译Sincerely yours,
Zhang Wei
48. Directions:
In this ction, you are asked to write an essay bad on the following chart. In your writing, you should
1) Interpret the chart and
2) Give your comments.
You should write at least 150 words.
Write your essay on on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
In this chart, we can e the mobile phone subscriptions in developed countries have a steady and slight increa from 1990 to 2007 and then remain constant in 2008. Meanwhile the mobile phone subscriptions in developing countries have witnesd a slow increa from 1990 to 2004 and then a great surge from 2004 to 20007: the biggest surge happens from 2005 to 2006.
This chart reflects different developing modes of mobile phone industry in developed and developing countries. The developed countries have a limited number of populations, most of whom are well-educated. Therefore, the spreading of the mobile phone rvice is efficient and soon the market is saturated. Also at the beginning the developed countries have more people who can afford this rvice. The developing countries have a large population who keeps a large demand for mobile rvice. As the mobile phone rvice becomes cheaper and cheaper, the increasing customers subscribe to benefit from this rvice.
As discusd above, it is not surprising to e this change. In my opinion, this trend tha
t the number of mobile-phone subscriptions is increasingly increasing will continue for a while in the future.sm 全称
参考答案：
21 D 22 A 23 B 24 C 25 C
26 A 27 C 28 D 29 D 30 B
31 A 32 A 33 D34 C 35 B
36 A 37 C 38 C 39 C 40 D
新题型
F T T T F
