1.（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的ABC和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
少儿教育网D
We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. That's bad news for the environment – and our wallets – as the outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.
To figure out how much power the devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life – from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy u evolved since the ear
ly 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-t TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.
As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones."The Living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kid's room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the hou," said one rearcher. The average number of electronic devices ro from four per houhold in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping the old devices-we continue to u them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TV's with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhou gas emissions(排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.
So what's the solution(解决方案)?The team's data only went up to 2007, but the rearchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with n
ew electronics that rve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tables instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
（1）What does the author think of new devices?
A.They are environment-friendly.
B.They are no better than the old.
C.They cost more to u at home.开发潜力
北京通州中加学校D.They go out of style quickly.
（2）Why did Babbitt's team conduct the rearch?
A.To reduce the cost of minerals.
B.To test the life cycle of a product.
C.To update consumers on new technology.
D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices.
时尚潮流的英文
（3）Which of the following us the least energy?
A.The box-t TV.
B.The tablet.
C.The LCD TV.
D.The desktop computer.
经典影视
（4）What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?
A.Stop using them.
B.Take them apart.
C.Upgrade them.
D.Recycle them.
【答案】 （1）A（2）D（3）B（4）A
【解析】这是一篇科普环保类阅读。我们可能认为我们一见钟情闪亮的新东西,但一项新的研究表明,我们继续使用旧设备(装置)。这对环境和我们的钱包来说都是坏消息，因为这些
过时的设备比能做同样事情的新设备消耗更多的能量。
⑴A 推理判断。根据第1段最后一句…as the outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.这些过时的装置比新装置消耗更多的能量，因而判断新装置消耗的能量少，所以环保。故答案为A。
⑵D 细节理解。根据第2段第一句To figure out how much power the devices are using, …故选D，为了查明这些装置的电消耗量。
⑶B 细节理解。由整个文章的最后一句They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers cut energy consumption by 44%.可知在tablets(平板电脑)而不是电视和台式电脑上观看娱乐节目能够减少44%的能源消耗。故平板电脑使用最少的能源，选B。
⑷A 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句…but the rearchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics…及最后一句 They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop iceberg
学尔森computers cut energy consumption by 44%.研究者们探索用新电器代替旧产品，结果发现新的装置能够减少44%的能源消耗。故选A。
2.（2017·北京）阅读理解D
Hollywood's theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics（控制论）, put it this way: “If we u, to achieve our purpos, a mechanical agency with who operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpo which we really desire.”
A machine with a specific purpo has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to prerve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical conquence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpo if it is dead. So if we nd out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire t
o cure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines who objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.
quarter The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some rearchers argue that we can al the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan ems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is cure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.
Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI ems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismisd out of hand, as it has been by some AI rearchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of
that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of the atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.
（1）Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may .
A.run out of human control
B.satisfy human's real desires
C.command armies of killer robots
D.work faster than a mathematician
（2）Machines with specific purpos are associated with living things partly becau they might be able to .
A.prevent themlves from being destroyed
B.achieve their original goals independently
C.do anything successfully with given orders
D.beat humans in international chess matches
study（3）According to some rearchers, we can u firewalls to .
A.help super intelligent machines work better
羞愤B.be cure against evil human beings
C.keep machines from being harmed
D.avoid robots' affecting the world
（4）What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?
A.It will disappear with the development of AI.
B.It will get wor with human interference.
C.It will be solved but with difficulty.
D.It will stay for a decade.
