Sun Wu, respectfully（也） called Sunzi, was born sometime between 550 and 540 BC, or toward the end of the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC). He was a native of the State of Qi but later moved to the State of Wu, where he became the king’s trusted strategist（军事家）.
3.2 Sunzi’s Art of War
(Sunzi Bingfa)
What do you know about Sunzi Bingfa?
Sunzi‘s Art of War (Sunzi bingfa), is an ancient classic（古典） on war. It consists of 13 chapters in about 6,000 characters. It reprents the theories of war of the Sunzi School originated（起源于） by Sun Wu. Of the more than 3,000 books on war from the pre-Qin (before 221 BC) period to the Qing Dynasty (1616-1911), 脱蜡Sunzi's Art of War stands out as the greatest classic.
It excels over the other books in terms of strategy design, philosophical
grounding（基础） and in tactical application（战术使用）. Over the centuries it has been respected as “the source for all books on war.”
Q: Why is Sunzi’s Art of War regards as the greatest among so many books on war?
3.3 The Strategic Thoughts of Sunzi
trivial Example 1
“planning before going to war”.
“Morale” refers to the approval or disapproval of the people. The army that has the approval of the people will gain their support, while one without endorment（支持） will lo their support.
“Climate” refers to asonal conditions at the time of war.
室内设计师培训班
“Rules” refer to regulationsactoz（纪律） governing the army, “Who should carry out orders? What are the respective（双方） strengths of the soldiers? Who is responsible for training the troops? Who decides rewards or punishments?”
The five aspects for consideration during war were echoed by Carl von Clauwitz (1780-1831), a German war expert, as “strategic factors.”
Q: What is “planning before going to war” about?
Example 2
圣诞快乐 英语
“One can fight and win a hundred wars if one knows both onelf and the enemy.”
Sunzi said, “One can fight and win a hundred wars if one knows both onelf and the enemy. The odds（可能性） for winning are half and half if one knows onelf but not the enemy. And one is bound to（一定会） fail if one knows neither onelf nor the enemy.”
He added, “The odds for winning are half and half if one knows that one’s troops are able to attack but does not know the enemy troops are invulnerable（易于） to attack.
The odds for winning are half and half if one knows that the enemy troops are vulnerable to attack but does not know that one’s own troops are not in a position to attack. The odds for winning are half and half if one knows that the opponent（对手） is vulnerable to attack and that one’s troops are in a position to attack but does not know that the terrain（地形）mdio is unsuitable for fighting. bastard什么意思
Thus an expert of war does not leave anything unclear when declaring war, and also has all sorts of methods to deal with any situation. Victory is certain, if one knows both onelf and the enemy; victory will be complete, if one further knows asonal and topographic conditions.”
Q: What does “One can fight and win a hundred wars if one knows both onelf and the enemy” emphasize?
Example 3
“Winning a war without fighting it.”
Sunzi did not approve of large-scale killing and destruction, which he regarded as the worst strategy(女孩子英文名策略）. To Sunzi, the purpo of a war is to win victory, not to kill as many people as possible. On the contrary, one should avoid destroying the enemy stronghold（根据地） and avoid destruction of life as much as possible.
It is best to take over a city intact节日快乐英语（未受损害） and to win victory through minimal（最小的） killing. This is the principle of a “decent（像样的 ） victory.” Sunzi went on to say, “Winning every war one fights is not the best one can do; winning a war without fighting is the best one can do.
Therefore, the highest art of war is to outwit（超越） the enemy strategically, the cond level is to foil（挫败） their diplomacy, the third level is to attack their a
rmy, and the lowest level is to attack their city. Attacking the city can only be ud as the last resort（招）.”
In other words, it is not plausible（合理的） to fight and win wars. It is ideal to achieve victory through means other than war, such as politics, diplomacy（外交）, and other deterrent（威慑） measures. Attacking the city is the least preferable, becau, especially in Sunzi’s time, the city was host to many ancestral temples（古墓） and tombs.
The defensive（防守） side would often fight to their death, resulting in extensive casualties（伤亡） and destruction. The ideas of Sunzi reflect his deep understanding of what we today call “holistic（全面） war.”
