1.不定式作状语
表目的：in order to/so as to等
He sat down to have a rest.
They went there to visit their teacher.
He got up early in order to catch the first bus.
The bus stopped so as to pick up pasngers.
表结果:so..as to/such..as to/enough to../ do/only tod等
He woke up only / just to find everybody gone.
My grandmother lived to e the liberation of China.
He was too excited not to say a few words.
He is old enough to go to school.
She is too tired to do the job.
Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle?
find your loveWe are not such fools as to believe him.
表原因
tiamo怎么读
I am very glad to e you.
I am so sorry to hear your mother is ill.
I was a fool not to listen to you at that time.
She wept to find him in such a difficult situation.
表条件
To look at him, you would like him.
To turn to the left,you could find a post office.
rap是什么意思
A man would be blind not to e that.
How can you catch the train to start so late?
2.分词作状语：其功能相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。
分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，可以表时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否则不能使用分词作状语。
表示时间
When they heard the news, they got excited.
Be careful while / when you cross the street.
When I walked in the street,I saw her.
When I walked along the street, I ran across my old friend.
表示原因
As she had been bitten bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it.
As he was bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital.
表示条件
If I were given a chance, I can surpri the world.
If the trees had been given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
表示结果
The cup dropped to the ground, so that it broke into pieces.
The parents died,so that they left him an orphan.
askew表示让步
Though he had been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.
Though he was defeated, he didn’t lo heart.
表示伴随
The teacher came into the lab,and he was followed by some students.bec中级考试时间
He lay on the grass, and he looked into the sky.
表示方式
He came as he ran to tell me the good news.草莓的英语
grand canyon
3.独立主格结构作状语：其功能相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。
A.名词/主格代词+现在分词（表示主动含义和动作正在进行）
名词/主格代词通常为现在分词所表示的动作的执行者，与现在分词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
1.If time permits，we are going to visit you tomorrow. (表示条件)
2.If time permits, we will have a picnic next week.
3.If my health allows, I will work far into the night.
4.When spring came on, the trees turned green.(表示时间)
5.After the students finished their homework, we went home.
6.When food was being cooked, I fell asleep.
7.When he had ated himlf at the desk, he began to read a magazine.
8.When everyone was ready, the teacher began his class.
9.The chairman began the meeting , after everyone was ated
10. When night came on, we put ourlves up in a small hotel.
11.As it was Sunday, they had no class. (表示原因，此时being不能省略)
12.Becau mother was ill, I have to stay home to look after her.
13.Becau there was no bus, we had to walk home.
14.As he was very ill, he went home.
pumpkin15.Becau the boy led the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.
16.As many eyes were watching him, he felt a bit nervous.
17.As it is National Day today, the streets are very crowded.
18.As there was no further business to discuss, we all went home.
19.As there was no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.
20.The students are walking in the school happily, and each wears a card in front of his chest.
21.The boy lay on the grass, and his eyes were looking at the sky.
B.名词/主格代词+过去分词（表示被动含义和动作的完成）
名词/主格代词通常为过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，与过去分词构成逻辑上的动宾关系或系表关系。
1.After the signal was given, the bus started.(表示时间)
2After the work was finished, he left the workshop.
3.When the task had been completed,he had two months' leave.
4.When all the guests were ated, they began their dinner.
5.After everything she needed was bought, Grace took a taxi home.
6.Becau their strength was exhausted, they sank down one by one. (表示原因)
7.As the book was written in simple English，English beginners were able to read it.
8.As their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still harder.
9.If all things are considered, her suggestion is of greater value than yours. （表示条件）
10.As long as all the work is done, you can have a rest.
11.If everything is taken into consideration, the plan ems to be more practical.
12.He sat silently,and his eyes were clod.（表示伴随状况或方式）
13.He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard.
C.名词/主格代词+不定式（多表示将来含义，有时也表示过去含义）
(1)名词/主格代词是不定式所表示的动作的执行者，与不定式构成逻辑上的主谓关系，此时不定式用主动形式。这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。
1.If the teacher to help us, we will succeed.（表示条件和将来含义）
2.He invited us to e a film, and he himlf bought the tickets.
(2) 如果名词/主格代词与不定式构成被动关系, 此时不定式用被动形式(to be done)。
3. Becau the meeting is to be held tomorrow，we must catch the first bus.（表示原因）
4.As his mother is to come tonight，he is busy preparing the dinner.
5.——will you go to the comcert tonight 你今晚去听音乐会吗？
——sorry.Becau I shall check so many exerci-books tonight,I really can't afford any time.
6.The four of us agreed on a division of labour,and each is to translate a quarter of the book.
7.If many trees,flowers,and grass are planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.
8.As he has a lot of difficult problems to ttle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
注意：表示时间、原因、条件的独立主格结构一般放在句首，并且不能保留连词。【误】When class being over, the students left their classroom.
【正】Class (being) over, the students left their classroom. 下课了，学生都离开了教室。【误】The moon appearing and they continued their way.
【正】The moon appearing, they continued their way. 月亮出来了，他们继续赶路。
独立主格结构其他：
D.名词或主格代词+名词
在这种结构中，独立主格结构中的名词与前面的名词或代词之间在逻辑上有主系表关系，在句子中主要作伴随、原因等状语或作进一步说明。此结构也可写成：名词或代词＋ being ＋名词，其中being是非谓语（系）动词，往往省略，但being的逻辑主语是人称代词时，being 不能省略。名词的逻辑主语为人称代词时，应用主格形式。
1.He fought against the thief, and a stick was his only weapon.
2.He has translated the whole book into English, and an English-Chine dictionary was his tool.
断续3.As it was Sunday, I didn’t go to school.
4.Ten students entered for the competition, and the youngest was a boy of 12
5. Two hundred people died in the accident and many of them were children.
注意：独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略，一是在“There being + 名词”结构中，二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。
There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。
It being Sunday, all the offices are clod. 因为是星期日，所有办公室都关门。
E.名词/主格代词+形容词/副词（表示状态或特征）
形容词/副词常用来说明名词或主格代词的性质特征及所处状态。在该结构中，形容词或副词前其实省略了being.
1.When everything was ready, they started out.（表示时间）
2.The children were making a snowman, and their hands were red with cold（表示伴随状况）
3.When the meeting was over, the students were dismisd. （表示时间）
4.The boy looked at the beautiful picture, and his eyes were wide open. （表示伴随状况）
whenever的用法
5.He turned to me, and his eyes were sleepy.
6.He stood there, and his mouth was wide open.
7.School was over, and we all went home.
8.He sat at his desk and his shoes were off.
F.名词/主格代词+ 介词短语（表示状态或特征）
介词短语常用来说明名词或主格代词的特征或所处的状态。
1.The old man sat in the chair, and a book was in his hand and a pipe was in his mouth. （表示伴随状况）
2.The old farmer came back, and a large basket was on his shoulder.
